Kemelimpahan dan Struktur Tingkat Trofik Serangga pada Tingkat Perkembangan Agroforestri Jati yang Berbeda di Nglanggeran, Gunungkidul Yogyakarta
Ananto Triyogo(1*), Priyono Suryanto(2), Siti Muslimah Widyastuti(3), Aldino Dwi Baresi(4), Isnaini Fauziah Zughro(5)
(1) Departemen Silvikultur,Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(2) Departemen Silvikultur,Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(3) Departemen Silvikultur,Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(4) Sekolah Vokasi Program Studi Pengelolaan Hutan,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Jl. Sekip Unit I, Bulaksumur,Sleman, 55281
(5) Sekolah Vokasi Program Studi Pengelolaan Hutan,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Jl. Sekip Unit I, Bulaksumur,Sleman, 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Modifikasi pemanfaatan lahan memiliki dampak baik ekonomi maupun ekologi. Perlindungan terhadap keanekaragaman hayati menjadi pusat perhatian dari sisi ekologi sementara pemanfaatan lahan demi produktivitas dianggap sebagai solusi ketahanan pangan. Serangga berada di dua isu tersebut yaitu konservasi dan ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas serangga berdasarkan pada peran mereka dalam tingkatan trofik pada tiga tingkat perkembangan agroforestri (AF) jati yang berbeda (awal, tengah, lanjut). Pengambilan data dilakukan di Nglanggeran, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta sepanjang musim kemarau (April, Mei, dan Juni 2016). Metode koleksi serangga yang digunakan adalah sweep net, pitfall dan sticky trap yang ditempatkan pada petak ukur (PU) 20 x 20 m2. Petak ukur dibuat dan diletakkan secara purposive pada masing-masing tingkatan AF. Total terdapat 8 PU yang terdiri dari 3 PU untuk tingkatan AF awal dan tengah, serta 2 PU untuk AF lanjut. Serangga yang tertangkap bervariasi berdasar pada tingkat perkembangan agroforestri dan bulan pengamatan. Terdapat perbedaan keragaman serangga (jumlah dan jenis) berdasarkan perbedaan tingkatan agroforestri (awal, tengah, dan lanjut) pada lahan lahan agroforestri berbasis jati di Desa Nglanggeran, Zona Batur Agung, Gunungkidul. Agroforestri awal dan tengah menunjukkan kemelimpahan serangga (ordo) terbanyak dengan proporsi tertinggi serangga yang berperan sebagai hama berasal dari ordo Lepidoptera, Diptera, Blattaria, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Isoptera, dan Dermaptera. Tingkatan AF berpengaruh terhadap kehadiran serangga dari ordo Hymenoptera dan Diptera, lebih lanjut keragaman vegetasi pada agroforestri (awal dan tengah) dapat meningkatkan keragaman serangga baik yang berperan sebagai hama (trofik 2) maupun musuh alami (trofik 3).
Kata kunci: agroforestri; hama; jati; serangga; trofik
Insect Abundance and Its Structure Trophic Level on Different Level of Teak-Based Agroforestry Development at Nglanggeran Village, Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta
Abstract
Modifications of land use have the economic and ecological implications. Protection upon biodiversity has been the center of concern on ecological side, while productivity of the land use has been considered a solution for food security. Insects are between these two major issues, namely conservation and food security.This study was aimed at tracing the structure of insect community based on its role on the trophic level on three different phases of teak-based agroforestry systems (early, middle, and advanced). The data was obtained in the area of Nglanggeran, Gunungkidul Regency of Yogyakarta during the dry season (April, May, and June 2016). Further, method of insect sample inventory utilized sweep net, pitfall trap, and sticky trap placed on measured area of 20 x 20 m2. The plots were placed purposively on each of agroforestry land, with the total of 8 plots, consisting of 3 areas of early and middle levels of agroforestry land, and 2 for late phase. Catched insects varied according to agroforestry growth and observation time. This research suggests that insect’s variety (abundance and morphospecies) is found based on agroforestry levels (early phase, middle phase and late phase) on observed teak agroforestry land in Nglanggeran Village of Batur Agung Zone, Gunungkidul. Early and middle agroforestry showed an abundance of insects (order), in which the largest proportion of them is categorized as pest (Lepidoptera, Diptera, Blattaria, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Isoptera, and Dermaptera). The growth level of agroforestry has a direct impact on the presence of insects of Hymenoptera and Diptera orders. Furthermore, the variety of vegetation in early and middle agroforestry could increase the variety of insects functioning as either pest (trophic 2) or natural predators (trophic 3).
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.28287
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