Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Sitrat dan Suhu Pengempaan terhadap Kualitas Papan Partikel Pelepah Nipah
Ragil Widyorini(1*), Tibertius Agus Prayitno(2), Ari Puspa Yudha(3), Bhaktiar Adi Setiawan(4), Budi Hari Wicaksono(5)
(1) Bagian Teknologi Hasil Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Bagian Teknologi Hasil Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Alumni Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(4) Alumni Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(5) Alumni Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Papan partikel tanpa perekat sintesis atau binderlessboard merupakan alternatif produk ramah lingkungan yang potensial dikembangkan di Indonesia. Kelemahan produk tersebut diantaranya adalah kestabilan dimensinya yang relatif rendah. Alternatif perbaikan produk bisa dilakukan dengan menambahkan bahan pengaktif komponen kimia. Asam sitrat memiliki tiga gugus karboksil dan diharapkan dapat membentuk ikatan ester dengan gugus hidroksil pada permukaan kayu. Penelitian menggunakan asam sitrat relatif baru dan belum banyak dikembangkan, oleh karena itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk pengembangan produk biokomposit dengan menggunakan asam sitrat sebagai bahan pengikat. Bahan yang digunakan adalah pelepah nipah dengan ukuran partikel (halus dan kasar), konsentrasi asam sitrat (0% dan 10%), dan suhu pengempaan (180ºC dan 200°C). Pengujian sifat fisika dan mekanika dilakukan berdasarkan Japanese Industrial Standard untuk papan partikel (JIS A 5908). Penambahan asam sitrat memperlihatkan kenaikan sifat fisika (penyerapan air) dan mekanika papan partikel. Perbedaan ukuran partikel mempengaruhi sifat mekanika papan partikel dimana ukuran partikel kasar memberikan nilai mekanika yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran partikel halus. Kualitas papan partikel optimum diperoleh pada kondisi pengempaan 180ºC, penambahan asam sitrat 10% dari partikel ukuran kasar dengan nilai pengembangan tebal 2,4%, penyerapan air 41%, kekuatan rekat internal 0,2 MPa, modulus patah 5,5 MPa, dan modulus elastisitas 1,6 GPa.
Kata kunci: asam sitrat, pelepah nipah, konsentrasi asam sitrat, suhu pengempa
Effect of Citric Acid Concentration and Pressing Temperature on the Quality of Particleboard from Nypa Frond
Abstract
Binderlessboard is one of the potential eco friendly products that can be developed in Indonesia. However, its boards usually have low in dimensional stability. Addition of the chemical agent, such as citric acid, that can improve the dimensional stability is needed. Citric acid has three hydroxyl groups that can be ester-linked with hydroxyl groups from wood. Researches on citric acid and its utilization are relatively limited. This research focused on the development of particleboard using citric acid as bonding agent. Nypa frond was used as raw material with two different sizes of particles, namely fine and coarse particles. Addition of citric acid of 10% air-dried particles was done for improving the dimensional stability. Pressing temperature was set at 180ºC dan 200°C during 15 minutes. Physical and mechanical properties were done according to Japanese Industrial Standard JIS A 5908. Addition of citric acid could improve physical and mechanical properties of the boards. Coarse particles provided the particleboards with better mechanical properties compared to fine particle. Boards that made from coarse particle and 10% citric acid at pressing temperature of 180ºC have optimum properties, i.e. thickness swelling 2.4%, water absorption 41%, internal bond strength 0.2 MPa, modulus of rupture 5.5 MPa, dan modulus of elastisity 1.6 GPa.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
- Japanese Standard Association. 2003. Japanese Industrial Standard for Particle Board A 5908.
- Nemli G. 2003. Effects of Some Manufacturing Factors on the Properties of Particleboard manufacturing from Alder (Alnus glutinosa subsp. Barbata). Turk J Agric. For 27: 99-104.
- Okuda N & Sato M. 2004. Manufacture and Mechanical Properties of Binderless Boards from Kenaf Core. J Wood Sci 50: 53-61.
- Shen KC. 1991. Method of Making Composite Products from Lignocellulosic Materials. United States Patent 5017319.
- Subiandono E, Heriyanto NM, & Karlina E. 2011. Nipah (Nypa fruticans (Thunb.) Wurmb.) sebagai Sumber Pangan dari Hutan Mangrove. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 17(1): 52-60.
- Tamunaidu P & Saka S. 2011. Chemical characterization of various parts of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans). Industrial Crops and Products 34: 1423– 1428.
- Umemura K, Ueda T, Munawar SS, & Kawai S. 2011. Application of Citric Acid as Natural Adhesive for Wood. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. DOI 10.1002/app.34708.
- Umemura K, Ueda T, & Kawai S. 2012. Characterization of Wood-Based Molding Bonded with Citric Acid. J Wood Sci 58: 38–45.
- Widyorini R, Xu J, & Watanabe T. 2005a. Chemical Changes in Steam-Pressed Kenaf Core Binderless Particleboard. J Wood Sci 51: 26–32.
- Widyorini R, Higashihara T, Xu J, & Watanabe T. 2005b. Self-Bonding Characteristics of Binderless Kenaf Core Composites. J Wood Sci 39: 651–662.
- Widyorini R, Yudha AP, & Prayitno TA. 2011. Some of Properties of Binderless Particleboard Manufactured from Bamboo. Wood Research Journal Vol.2 (2): Hlm. 89-93.
- Widyorini R, Yudha AP. Ngadianto A. Umemura K & Kawai S. 2012. Development of Bio-based Composite Made From Bamboo And Oil Palm Frond. Proceedings of Pacific Rim Biocomposite. November 2012. Shizuoka. Japan.
- Xu J, Han G, & Kawai S. 2003. Development of Binderless Particleboard from Kenaf Core Using Steam-Injection Pressing. J Wood Sci 49: 327-332.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.3313
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 12920 | views : 13783Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2012 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/
Indexed by:
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International