* Corresponding Author
Potensi Simpanan Karbon pada Beberapa Tipologi Hutan Rawa Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah
https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.40150 Muhammad Abdul Qirom(1*), Tri Wira Yuwati(2), Purwanto Budi Santosa(3), Wawan Halwany(4), Dony Rachmanadi(5)
(1) Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Banjarbaru Jl. Ahmad Yani Km 28,7 Landasan Ulin-Banjarbaru 70721
(2) Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Banjarbaru Jl. Ahmad Yani Km 28,7 Landasan Ulin-Banjarbaru 70721
(3) Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Banjarbaru Jl. Ahmad Yani Km 28,7 Landasan Ulin-Banjarbaru 70721
(4) Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Banjarbaru Jl. Ahmad Yani Km 28,7 Landasan Ulin-Banjarbaru 70721
(5) Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Banjarbaru Jl. Ahmad Yani Km 28,7 Landasan Ulin-Banjarbaru 70721
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Akurasi pendugaan simpanan karbon hutan rawa gambut dapat ditingkatkan melalui pengukuran masing-masing gudang/sumber karbon dan berbagai macam tipologi hutannya. Pengukuran tersebut berkaitan dengan besarnya kandungan dan fraksi simpanan karbon pada masing-masing gudang karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kandungan dan potensi simpanan karbon pada masing-masing gudang karbon di tipologi gambut. Pengukuran simpanan karbon dilakukan pada lima gudang karbon yakni vegetasi (tingkat permudaan pohon), serasah, tumbuhan bawah, nekromasa dan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan karbon adalah 50% dari berat kering biomassa. Kandungan karbon tidak dipengaruhi oleh gudang karbon dan tipologi gambut. Pada tanah gambut, kedalaman gambut mempengaruhi besarnya kandungan karbon sehingga besarnya faktor konversi harus memperhatikan kedalaman masing-masing tipologi gambut. Potensi simpanan karbon terbesar pada tipologi hutan sekunder dengan kedalaman gambut antara 3-3,5 m sebesar 3.722,08 Mg/ha sedangkan potensi simpanan karbon terendah pada tipologi semak belukar dengan kedalaman gambut 3-3,5 m sebesar 2243,49 Mg/ha. Pada hutan gambut, gudang karbon tanah menyumbang >95% dari simpanan karbon total. Gudang karbon nekromasa memberikan sumbangan simpanan karbon terkecil. Fraksi simpanan karbon pada masing-masing gudang karbon berturut-turut adalah tanah> vegetasi> serasah> tumbuhan bawah> nekromasa.
Carbon Stocks Potential of Peatland Forests Typologies in Central Kalimantan
Abstract
Accuracy of carbon stocks estimation can be enhanced by measuring each carbon pools in various forest peatland typologies. The carbon stocks measurement is associated with the amount of contents and fractions of carbon stocks. The research objectives were to obtain the information of carbon contents and carbon stocks potentials in each carbon pool in the peat typologies. Carbon stocks measurement was conducted in five carbon pools which were: vegetation (tree stages), litter, understory, necromass, and soil. The results showed that the carbon contents reached more than 50% of its dry weight. The carbon contents were not affected by the carbon pools and peat typologies. In the soil carbon pools, peat depth affected the amount of carbon content so that the magnitude of the conversion factor should concentrate to the depth of each peat typology. The greatest potential of carbon stocks was found in the secondary forest (3,733.08 Mg/ha) with the peat depths between 3-3.5 m, while the lowest potential of carbon stocks found in the bush typology (2243.49 Mg/ha) with the peat depths between 3-3.5 m. In the peat typology, soil carbon stocks contributed more than 95% of total carbon stocks whereas necromass carbon stocks contributed the smallest amount of carbon. The fractions of carbon stocks in each carbon pools were soil> vegetation> litter> understorey> necromass, respectively.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agus F, Hairiah K, Mulyani A. 2011. Pengukuran cadangan karbon tanah gambut. Petunjuk praktis. World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office dan Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian (BBSDLP), Bogor.
Agus F, Subiksa IGM. 2008. Lahan gambut? : Potensi untuk pertanian dan aspek lingkungan. Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/publications/files/book/BK0135-09.PDF
Akbar A, Alimah D, Suryanto E. 2012. Estimasi model penduga karbon hutan rawa gambut jenis non dipterocarpaceae. Banjarbaru.
Amichev BY, Burger JA, Rodrigue JA. 2008. Carbon sequestration by forests and soils on mined land in the Midwestern and Appalachian coalfields of the U.S. Forest Ecology and Management 256(u):19491959. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.020
Badan Restorasi Gambut (BRG). 201). Mengawali restorasi gambut Indonesia. Jakarta.
Blackham GV, Webb EL, Corlett RT. 2014. Natural regeneration in a degraded tropical peatland, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: Implications for forest restoration. Forest Ecology and Management 324:815.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.041Bonn A, et al. 2014. Investing in nature: Developing ecosystem service markets for peatland restoration. Ecosystem Services 9:54-65.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.06.011Brown S. 1997. Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests: A primer. FAO Forestry Paper, 134(August), 55. http://doi.org/ISBN 92-5-103955-0
Dariah A, Susanti E, Agus F. 2012. Baseline survey: Cadangan karbon pada lahan gambut di lokasi demplot penelitian ICCTF (Riau, Jambi, Kalimanatan Tengah dan Kalimantan Selatan). Hlm. 445460 dalam Husen E, Anda M, Noor M, Maswar HS, Fahmi A, Sulaeman Y, editor. Pengelolaan lahan gambut berkelanjutan. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian.
Dharmawan I, Wayan S. 2013. Persamaan alometrik dan cadangan karbon vegetasi pada hutan gambut primer dan bekas terbakar. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 10(2):175-191
Djomo AN, Knohl A, Gravenhorst G. 2011. Estimations of total ecosystem carbon pools distribution and carbon biomass current annual increment of a moist tropical forest. Forest Ecology and Management 261(8):1448-1459. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.031
Sukaeman, Suparto, Eviati. 2009. Petunjuk teknis analisis kimia tanah, tanaman , air dan pupuk. Prasetyo BH, Santoso D, Widiyati LR, editor. Balai Penelitian Tanah, Bogor. http://doi.org/10.1007/$13398-014-0173-7.2
Fonseca W, Rey Benayas JM, Alice FE. 2011. Carbon accumulation in the biomass and soil of different aged secondary forests in the humid tropics of Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Management 262(8): 1400-1408. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.036
Gunawan H, et al. 2016. Taksiran akumulasi biomassa atas permukaan pada eksperimen restorasi lahan gambut bekas terbakar, area transisi cagar biosfer Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu, Riau, Sumatera Indonesia Pusat Studi Bencana Universitas Riau, Sumatera Center for Southeast Asia. Jurnal Riau Biologia 1(2):816.
Hairiah K, Sitompul S, van Noordwijk M, Palm C. 2001. Methods for sampling carbon stocks above and below ground. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, Bogor, Indonesia, ASB Lecture Note 4B. ICRAF Southeast Asia, Bogor.
Haygreen JG, Bowyer JL. 1993. Forest product and wood science: An introduction. (Hasil hutan dan ilmu kayu: suatu pengantar (Terjemahan). Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
He Y, Qin L, Li Z, Liang X, Shao M, Tan L. 2013. Carbon storage capacity of monoculture and mixedspecies plantations in subtropical China. Forest Ecology and Management 295:193-198. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.020
Hirano T, Kusin K, Limin S, Osaki M. 2014. Carbon dioxide emissions through oxidative peat decomposition on a burnt tropical peatland. Global Change Biology 20(2):555-565. http://doi.org/10.111/gcb.12296
Jaya A, Siregar UJ, Daryono H, Suhartana S. 2007. Biomassa hutan rawa gambut tropika pada berbagai kondisi penutupan lahan. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 4(4):341-352.
Ketterings QM, Coe R, Van Noordwijk M, Ambagau Y, Palm CA. 2001. Reducing uncertain in the use of allometric biomass equation for predciting aboveground tree biomass in mixed secondary forests. Forest Ecologyand Management 146:199209.
Krisnawati H, Adinugroho WC, Imanuddin R, Hutabarat S. 2015. Pendugaan emisi gas rumah kaca tahunan dari hutan dan lahan gambut di Kalimantan Tengah. (I). Dalam Siregar CA, et al., editor. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan, Bogor.
Manuri S, Putra CAS, Saputra AD. 2011. Teknik pendugaan cadangan karbon hutan. Merang REDD Pilot Project, German International Cooperation GIZ. Palembang. Merang REDD Pilot Project, German International Cooperation GIZ, Palembang.
Melling L, Hatano R, Goh KJ. 2005. Soil CO2 flux from three ecosystems in tropical peatland of Sarawak, Malaysia. Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 57(1):11. http://doi.org/10.1/j.1600-0889.2005.00129.X
Murdiyarso D, Hergoualch K, Basuki I, Sasmito SD, Hanggara B. 2017. Carbon stocks. p.2. Bogor. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/flyer/6439-flyer.pdf
Nurzakiah S. 2014. Prediksi potensi emisi karbon pada lapisan gambut akrotelmik dan katotelmik. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Nurzakiah S, Wakhid N, Nursyamsi D. 2017. Stratifikasi simpanan karbon di atas permukaan tanah pada lahan gambut pasang surut dan lebak. Berita Biologi 16(3):289-296.
Page SE, Rieley JO, Banks CJ. 2011. Global and regional importance of the tropical peatland carbon pool. Global Change Biology 17(2):798818. http://doi.org/10.111/j.1365-2486.2010.02279.X
Page SE, Siegert F, Rieley JO, Boehm HV, Jaya A, Limin S. 2002. The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997, 1999(1), 6165. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature01141.1.
Prayitno MB, Sabaruddin, Setyawan D, Yakup. 2013. The Prediction of peatland carbon stocks in oil palm agroecosystems. Agrista 17(3):86-92.
Qirom MA. 2011. Pendugaan persediaan karbon dan aplikasi Alos Palsar pada hutan tanaman akasia. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Qirom MA. 2016. Kedudukan BRG dalam Restorasi Lahan Gambut. Bekantan 4(1):30-33.
Qirom MA, et al. 2013. Pembangunan Permanen Sampel Plot (PSP) di Kalimantan Tengah. Banjarbaru.
Qirom MA, Lazuardi D, Kodir A. 2015. Keragaman jenis dan potensi simpanan karbon hutan sekunder di Kotabaru Kalimantan Selatan. Indonesian Forest Rehabilitation 3(1):49-66.
Qirom MA, Savitri E, Akbar A. 2012. Various carbon stock estimation methods on Acacia mangium plantation and peatland trees. The 2nd Asia Forum on Carbon Update (AFCU). Bandung.
Qirom MA, Yuwati TW, Santosa PB. 2013. The changes of natural regeneration and surface carbon stock after peat swamp forest fires. Hlm. pp. 129-134 dalam Osaki M, editor. Proceeding of international symposium on wild fire and carbon management in peat-forest in Indonesia. Palangka Raya.
Rose M, Posa C, Wijedasa LS, Corlett RT. 2011. Biodiversity and conservation of tropical peat swamp forests. BioScience 61(49):49-57. http://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.10
Santosa PB, Susianto A, Ariani R. 2018. Pengelolaan KHDTK Tumbang Nusa. Banjarbaru. Siringoringo HH. 2013. Potensi sekuestrasi karbon organik tanah pada pembangunan hutan tanaman Acacia mangium Willd. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 10(2):193-213.
Tata MHL, Pradjadinata S. 2013. Natural regeneration of burnt peat swamp forest and burnt peatland in Tumbang Nusa, Central Kalimantan and its implication on conservation. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 10(3):327-342.
Wahyunto RS, Subagjo H. 2004. Peta sebaran lahan gambut, luas dan kandungan karbon di Kalimantan (Map of peatland distribution area and carbon content in Kalimantan) 2000-2002. Dalam Dohong S, Siegert F, Radjagukguk B, Rosalina U, Suryadiputra INN, editor. http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Wauters JB, Coudert S, Grallien E, Jonard M, Ponette Q. 2008. Carbon stock in rubber tree plantations in Western Ghana and Mato Grosso (Brazil). Forest Ecology and Management 255(7):2347-2361. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.038
Zhang H, Guan D, Song M. 2012. Biomass and carbon storage of Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations in the Pearl River Delta, South China. Forest Ecology and Management 277:90-97. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.016
Zhang Y, Gu F, Liu S, Liu Y, Li C. 2013. Variations of carbon stock with forest types in subalpine region of southwestern China. Forest Ecology and Management 300:88-95. http://doi.org/10.1016/ j.foreco.2012.06.010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.40150
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 7111
| 
views : 5406
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/
Indexed by:
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
