Kaindea: Dinamika Pengelolaan Hutan Adat di Pulau Kecil (Studi Kasus: Pulau Wangi-Wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi)

Abstract

Indonesia adalah Negara Kepulauan yang mempunyai keragaman ekologi dan budaya dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam. Termasuk dalam pengelolaan hutan, masyarakat pulau-pulau kecil mempunyai system pengelolaan hutan adat yang terpelihara secara turun-temurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dinamika pengalolaan hutan adat berdasarkan kearifan masyarakat Pulau Wangi-Wangi. Penelitian ini kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus dalam perspektif emik, yaitu pandangan masyarakat Mandati di Pulau Wangi-Wangi terhadap pengelolaan hutan adat. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan sejarah secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Masyarakat Mandati di Pulau Wangi-Wangi masih mempunyai pengelolaan hutan adat berbasis masyarakat yaitu Kaindea. Kaindea dikelola berdasarkan aturan adat yang berfungsi konservasi, ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Kelestarian pengelolaan hutan adat secara turun-temurun berkaitan dengan eksistensi hubungan antara “Kaindea-Koranga” (hutan-kebun) dengan masyarakat. Disarankan agar transformasi kelembagaan pengelolaan hutan adat sebagai pilihan kebijakan berdasarkan kearifan dan kondisi ekologi local.

Kata kunci: Kaindea, hutan adat, pulau-pulau kecil, kearifan lokal.

Kaindea: Dynamic Management of Indigenous Forest in Small Island (Study Case: Wangi-wangi Island, Wakatoby Regency)

Abstract

Indonesia as the archipelago country has diverse ecological and natural resources. Similarly, the type of forest management and its conditions also vary widely, so it requires an appropriate management system adapted to the local conditions. The objective of this study is to find out local wisdom in the Kaindea management system and ecological, economic and social-cultural fungction on Wangi-Wangi Island. This study is qualitative research with a case study method in emics perspective. Data is then analyzed descriptively by historical approach. The result of the study showed that Mandati community in Wangi- Wangi Island has a unique forest management system based on community. It's called Kaindea. Kaindea management in general is based on the customary roles. The Kaindea has ecological, economics and socio-cultural functions. The sustainability of communal forest management is related to the existence of "Kaindea-Koranga" (forest-garden) relationship. It is suggested that institution transformaion of communal forest management becomes a policy options based on the local wisdom and ecological conditions.