EVALUASI KESESUAIAN ANTIBIOTIK DEFINITIF TERHADAP CLINICAL OUTCOME PADA PASIEN ANAK DENGAN MENINGITIS BAKTERIAL DI BANGSAL RAWAT INAP RUMAS SAKIT UMUM PUSAT

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.346

Wihda Yanuar(1*), Ika Puspitasari(2), Titik Nuryastuti(3)

(1) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Meningitis bacterial merupakan infeksi sistem saraf pusat (SSP), terutama menyerang anak pada usia <2 tahun, dengan puncak angka kejadian pada usia 6-18 bulan. Penyakit ini diperkirakan mencapai  1,2 juta kasus tiap tahunnya dengan mortalitas pasien berkisar antara 2%-30% diseluruh dunia. Kasus meningitis bakteri di Indonesia mencapai 158/100,000 kasus pertahun, dengan etiologi Haemophilus influenza tipe b (H. influenza) 16/100.000 dan bakteri lain 67/100.000. Pasien dengan meningitis bakteri yang bertahan hidup beresiko mengalami komplikasi. Komplikasi utama meningitis bakterial terjadi karena adanya kerusakan pada otak. Pasien yang bertahan hidup dari meningitis dapat mengalami gangguan saraf. Oleh karena itu, pasien meningitis bakterial khususnya pada anak perlu mendapatkan terapi  yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik definitif terhadap cinical outcome pasien anak dengan meningitis bakterial di bangsal rawat inap RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta serta gambaran antibiogramnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan deskriptif observasional dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif terhadap rekam medis pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penyusunan antibiogram dilakukan berdasarkan perhitungan persentase sensitivitas antibiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan antibiotik definitif 63,33% sesuai dengan hasil uji kultur dan sensitivitas antibiotik. Clinical outcomepenggunaan antibiotik definitif sesuai dengan hasil uji kultur dan sensitivitas 100% (19 pasien) membaik. Antibiogram pada pasien anak dengan meningitis bakterial di RSUP Dr. Sardjito adalah: pola bakteri Gram positif sebesar 63,33% dan bakteri Gram negatif 36,67%, dimana antibiotik yang memliki sensitivitas tinggi terhadap bakteri Gram positif adalah vankomisin 89% dan siprofloksasin 83% sedangkan untuk bakteri Gram negatif adalah meropenem 100%  dan amikasin 83%.

Keywords


meningitis bakterial, , antibiogram, cinical outcome, bacterial meningitis



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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.346

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