Reducing Women’s Cancer Rates: Early Detection of Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Through Self-Breast Exams (SADARI) and Pap Smears in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.99065

Rina Masadah(1), Berti Julian Nelwan(2), Jonathan Ham(3*), Siska Putri Wulandari Raharja(4), Steffy Rebecca Gosal(5), Syahrul Rauf(6)

(1) Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
(2) Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
(3) Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University
(4) Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
(5) Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
(6) Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Breast and cervical cancer constitute the two most prevalent cancer types globally, with a disproportionately high mortality rate among women. While cervical cancer ranks eighth in terms of incidence, it remains a significant public health concern. A common challenge is the community’s delay in seeking healthcare attributed to a dearth of information, consequently leading to delayed treatment. The Pinrang Regency Health Department and the Family Empowerment and Welfare Team (TP-PKK) of South Sulawesi identified a high incidence of breast and cervical cancer among women in the Pinrang region. A primary obstacle to addressing this issue is the absence of public awareness regarding breast and cervical cancer, including early warning signs, symptoms, and associated risks. This problem is compounded by the district’s lack of an anatomical pathology specialist, hindering public education efforts and diagnostic capabilities. The objective of this activity was to enhance awareness of early detection for these two gynecological cancers in order to reduce mortality and morbidity rates associated with cancer. The method comprised an educational session on breast and cervical cancer, practicing SADARI, attended by 145 participants, followed by Pap smear tests for 45 volunteers. Program effectiveness was evaluated through pretest and posttest. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to compare pretest and posttest scores. The results revealed a highly significant increase in scores p = 0.000 (p<0.005), suggesting that the educational program was successful in improving participants’ knowledge. A significant proportion of participants (57.8%) reported undergoing a Pap smear for the first time, highlighting the need for enhanced awareness and knowledge-sharing efforts regarding early detection of cervical cancer. The Pinrang Regency Health Department and TP-PKK provided essential support and participation. The Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) funds this community service project. The project was executed under contract number 0031/UN.4.22/PM.01.01.2024.

Keywords


Breast cancer; Cervical cancer; Health education; Pap smear; SADARI

Full Text:

PDF


References

Dadzi, R., & Adam, A. (2019). Assessment of knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among reproductive age women in Akatsi South District of Volta Region of Ghana. Plos One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226925

Fournier, A., Berrino, F., Riboli, E., Avenel, V., & ClavelChapelon, F. (2005). Breast cancer risk in relation to different types of hormone replacement therapy in the E3N-EPIC cohort. International Journal of Cancer, 114(3), 448–454. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20710

Galesha, P. (2022). SADARI untuk deteksi dini kanker payudara. Kemenkes RI.

Globocan. (2021). International agency for research on cancer. WHO Chronicle, 23(7), 323–326.

Husna, A., & Fahlevi, M. I. (2020). Implementation of SADARI in the early detection of breast cancer in young women high school of West Aceh Regency. J-Kesmas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Indonesian Journal of Public Health), 7(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.35308/j-kesmas.v7i1.1919

Icanervilia, A. V., Choridah, L., Van Asselt, A. D. I., Vervoort, J. P. M., Postma, M. J., Rengganis, A. A., & Kardinah, K. (2023). Early detection of breast cancer in Indonesia: Barriers identified in a qualitative study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 24(8), 2749–2755. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.8.2749

Inturrisi, F., de Sanjosé, S., Desai, K. T., Dagnall, C., Egemen, D., Befano, B., Rodriguez, A. C., Jeronimo, J. A., Zuna, R. E., Hoffman, A., Nozzari, F. S., Walker, J. L., Perkins, R. B., Wentzensen, N., Palefsky, J. M., & Schiffman, M. (2024). A rapid HPV typing assay to support global cervical cancer screening and risk-based management: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Cancer, 154(2), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.34698

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2015). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 34 Tahun 2015 tentang penanggulangan kanker payudara dan kanker leher rahim. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/116060/permenkes-no-34-tahun-2015

Maelissa, M. M., Rahawarin, H., Kailola, N. E., Latuconsina, V. Z., & Sallatalohy, N. M. (2022). Pap smear as a cervical cancer screening in women of childbearing age in 2020. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(4), 1863–1867. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i4.2074

Mills, A. M. (2024). WHO classification of tumours online 5th edition (S. Herrington (ed.); 5th edition). World Health Organization. https://tumourclassification.iarc.who.int/chaptercontent/34/21

Novalia, V. (2023). Kanker serviks. GALENICAL: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Mahasiswa Malikussaleh, 2(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.29103/jkkmm.v2i1.10134

Pangribowo, S. (2019). Infodatin beban kanker di Indonesia. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.

Park, M., Kim, D., Ko, S., Kim, A., Mo, K., & Yoon, H. (2022). Breast cancer metastasis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126806

Shidqi, Z. N., Saraswati, L. D., Kusariana, N., Sutiningsih, D., & Udiyono, A. (2022). Faktor-faktor keterlambatan diagnosis kanker pada pasien kanker payudara: Systematic review. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas, 7(2), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.14710/jekk.v7i2.14911

Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660

Tan, P. H. (2024). WHO classification of tumours online. In I. A. Cree (Ed.), World Health Organization (5th edition). World Health Organization. https://tumourclassification.iarc.who.int/chaptercontent/32/1

Wulandari, E., Gunadji, Y. A., Rambu, A., Melkianus, R., Gabriel, G. K. D. M., Saubaki, I., Yudith, M., Sherly, A. S. K. D., & Ratih, I. D. A. R. A. M. (2022). Keengganan Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) melakukan pap smear tinjauan teori health belief model. Journal of Health Promotion and Service Management, 1(1), 19–27.

Zhang, S., Xu, H., Zhang, L., & Qiao, Y. (2020). Cervical cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and screening. Chinese Journal of Cancer Research, 32(6), 720–728. https://doi.org/10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.06.05



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.99065

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 136 | views : 50

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement)

ISSN (print) 2460-9447ISSN (online) 2541-5883