Sebaran Genera Nematoda Nonparasit Tumbuhan pada Kopi Arabika

Abstract

This research aims to know the diversity, and population abundance of non plant parasitic nematodes in the soil of Arabica coffee. The samples were taken from healthy and infected plants (those that have infection symptoms). The  research area taken at coffee plantation in blok I, II, III, IV, Bentaan, and VI at Afdeling Plalangan Blawan’s estate, Bondowoso, East Java. From each block ten plants were taken, five each for healthy and infected plants. Analysis of nematode population was done by whitehead tray technique modification method. Identification was done based on the characteristic of non- parasitic nematode. The results showed that the genera of non-parasitic nematodes found include Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Acrobeles, and Mononchus. The non-parasitic nematodes population were found to be higher in healthy, rather than on the infected plants soil. The genus Rhabditis population in healthy plant was 86.61 nematodes/ 100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 56.01 nematodes/100 ml of soil. The genus Dorylaimus population in healthy plant was 49.9 nematodes/100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 95.6 nematodes/100 ml of soil. The genus Mononchus population in healthy plant was 53.00 nematodes/100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 37.65 nematodes/ 100 ml of soil. The genera of Aphelenchus and Acrobeles populations were 98.28 nematodes/100 ml and 0.0792/100 ml of soil, respectively. Non-parasitic nematodes were more abundant in healthy soil than in infected soil.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genera serta kelimpahan nematoda nonparasit pada tanah pertanaman kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel tanah yang diambil pada tanaman sehat dan tanaman yang menunjukkan gejala sakit terserang nematoda. Lahan pertanaman yang diamati Afdeling Plalangan, Kebun Blawan, Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Masing-masing blok diambil sepuluh tanaman, mencakup lima tanaman sehat dan lima tanaman yang bergejala terserang nematoda. Analisis populasi nematoda dilakukan dengan metode nampan saring (metode Whitehead Tray yang telah dimodifikasi), dilanjutkan identifikasi berdasarkan karakter dan morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pertanaman kopi ada beberapa genera nematoda non-parasit tumbuhan yaitu Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Acrobeles, dan Mononchus. Populasi nematoda nonparasit pada tanah sehat lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada tanah terinfeksi nematoda parasite tanaman. Populasi tertinggi genus Rhabditis pada tanaman yang sehat yaitu 86,61ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 56,01 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Dorylaimus tertinggi pada tanaman sehat 49,9 ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 95,6 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Mononchus tertinggi tanaman sehat 53,00 ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 37,65 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Aphelenchus 98,28 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Acrobeles 0,0792/100 ml. Nematoda nonparasit pada tanah sehat lebih melimpah dibandingkan di tanah terinfeksi nematoda.