* Corresponding Author
Beneficial Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Trichoderma on Diseased Shallot
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.53517 Chaieydha Noer Afiefah(1), Suryanti Suryanti(2*), Tri Joko(3), Susamto Somowiyarjo(4)
(1) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman,Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman,Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman,Yogyakarta 55281
(4) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman,Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Purple blotch and fusarium basal rot are important shallot diseases which have caused significant yield loss. An alternative control method for these diseases is the use of biocontrol agents, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of AMF and Trichoderma sp. on shallot growth and disease suppression. The experiment was set as a Complete Randomized Block Design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments were AMF, Trichoderma sp., and control. Each treatment was applied to a row and 15 shallot plants were taken as samples for observation. Disease severity of purple blotch and fusarium basal rot, plant height, number of leaves and shallot resistances to Fusarium solani were observed during this study. Results demonstrated that at seven weeks after planting, the application of AMF and Trichoderma sp. tended to suppress fusarium basal rot to 0.89% and 1.78% respectively, but only the application of AMF that suppressed purple blotch disease to 0.44%. The application of AMF and Trichoderma sp. also tended to increase plant height, number of leaves, leaf fresh weight and dry weight, root length, and bulb weight. In addition, AMF and Trichoderma sp. application increased shallot resistances against Fusarium solani.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abo-Elyousr, K. A. M., S. I. I. Abdel_Hafez, & I. R. Abdel-Rahim. 2014. Isolation of Trichoderma and Evaluation of their Antagonistic Potential against Alternaria porri. Journal of Phytopathology 162: 567-574.
Badan Pusat Statistik, 2018. Statistik Tanaman Sayuran dan Buah-buahan Semusim. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/download, modified 27/05/2020.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kulon Progo. 2019. Kabupaten Kulon Progo dalam Angka 2019. https://kulonprogokab.bps.go.id/, modified 06/07/2020.
Al-Askar, A. A. & Y. M. Rashad. 2010. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Biocontrol Agent against Common Bean Fusarium Root Rot Disease. Plant Pathology Journal 9: 31-38.
Al-Hmoud, G. & A. Al-Momany. 2015. Effect of Four Mycorrhizal Products on Fusarium Rot on Different Vegetable Crops. Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology 6: 2-5.
Al-Raddad, A.M. 1987. Effect of Three Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Isolates on Growth of Tomato, Eggplant, and Pepper in a Field Soil. Dirasat 14: 161-168.
Bahramisharif, A. & L. E. Rose. 2019. Efficacy of Biological Agents and Compost on Growth and Resistance of Tomatoes to Late Blight. Planta 249: 799-813.
Baker, K. F. & R. J. Cook. 1982. Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. American Phytopathological Society, Minnesota. 433 p.
Balliu, A., Sallaku, & G. Rewald. 2015. AMF Inoculation Enhances Growth and Improves the Nutrient Uptake Rates of Transplanted, Salt-stressed Tomato Seedlings. Sustainability 7: 15967–15981.
Begum, N., C. Qin, M. A. Ahanger, S. Raza, M. I. Khan, M. Ashraf, N. Akhmeed, & L. Zhang. 2019. Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant Growth Regulation: Implications in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 1-15.
Bagyaraj, D. J. 2014. Mycorrhizal Fungi, Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 80 No. 2 Spl. Sec.: 415-428.
Bucher, M. 2007. Functional Biology of Plant Phosphate Uptake at Root and Mycorrhizae Interfaces. New Phytologist 173: 11–26.
Campos-soriano, l., J. M. García-garrido, & B. S. Segundo. 2010. Activation of Basal Defense Mechanisms of Rice Plants by Glomus intraradices Does not Affect the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. New Phytopathology 188: 597–614.
Chen, S., H. Zhao, C. Zou, Y. Li, Y. Chen & Z. Wang. 2017. Combined Inoculation with Multiple Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improves Growth Nutrient Uptake and Photosynthesis in Cucumber Seedlings. Frontiers in Microbiology 8:25–16.
Darsan, S., E. Sulistyaningsih, & A. Wibowo. 2016. Various Shallot Seed Treatments with Trichoderma to Increase Growth and Yield on Sandy Coastal. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 1: 94-99.
de la Noval, B., E. Pérez, B. Martínez, O. León, N. Martínez-gallardo, & J. Anddélano-frier. 2007. Exogenous Systemin Has a Contrasting Effect on Disease Resistance in Mycorrhizal Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Plants Infected with Necrotrophic or Hemibiotrophic Pathogens. Mycorrhiza 17: 449–460.
Doni, F., A. Isahak, C. R. C. M. Zain, & W. M. W. Yusoff. 2014. Physiological and Growth Response of Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) to Trichoderma spp. Inoculants. AMB Express 4: 1-7.
Evelin, H., B. Giri, & R. Kapoor, 2012. Contribution of Glomus intraradices Inoculation to Nutrient Acquisition and Mitigation of Ionic Imbalance in NaCl Stressed Trigonella foenum-graecum. Mycorrhiza 22: 203–217.
Everts, K. L., & M. L. Lacy. 1996. Factors Influencing Infection of Onion Leaves by Alternaria porri and Subsequent Lesion Expansion. Plant Disease 80: 276-280.
Fitriani, M. L., S. Wiyono, & M. S. Sinaga. 2019. Potensi Kolonisasi Mikoriza Arbuscular dan Cendawan Endofit dan Kemampuannya dalam Pengendalian Layu Fusarium pada Bawang Merah. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 15: 228-238.
Ghanbarzadeh, B., N. Safaie, E. M. Goltapeh, Y. R. Danesh, & F. Khelghatibana. 2016. Biological Control of Fusarium Basal Rot of Onion Using Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus mosseae. Journal of Crop Protection 5: 359-368.
Ghosh, S. K., S. Banarjee & C. Sengupta. 2017. Siderophore Production by Antagonistic Fungi. Journal of Biopesticide 10: 105-112.
Gupta, R. B. L., & V. N. Pathak. 1986. Effect of Age of Host, Inoculum Density, and Duration of High Relative Humidity on Development of Purple Blotch of Onion. Phytophylactica 18: 151-152.
Hadisutrisno, B., Sudarmadi, S. Subandiyah, & A. Priyatmojo. 1996. Peranan Faktor Cuaca terhadap Infeksi dan Perkembangan Penyakit Bercak Ungu pada Bawang Merah (The Role of Climatic Factors on the Infection and Development of the Purple Blotch of Shallot). Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 1: 56-64.
Harjono & S. M. Widyastuti. 2001. Antifungal Activity of Purified Endochitinase Produced by Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma reseei against Ganoderma philippii. Pakistan Journal Biological Science 4: 1232 – 1234.
Hidayat, T., P. Yudono, E. Sulistyaningsih, & A. Wibowo. 2018. The Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium cepa. L. Aggregatum Group) in Application of Beneficial Microorganism. Agricultural Science 3: 66-71.
Howell, C. R. 2007. Mechanisms Employed by Trichoderma Species in the Biological Control of Plant Disease: The History and Evolution of Current Concepts. Plant Disease Journal 87: 4-10.
Ismiyatuningsih, T. Joko, & S. Hartono. 2016. Survey and Detection of Pectobacterium atrosepticum in Major Potato-Growing Areas in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Ilmu Pertanian (Agriculture Science) 1: 1-6.
Jung, S. C., A. Martinez-Medina, J. A. Lopez-Raez, & M. J. Pozo. 2012. Mycorrhiza-Induced and Priming of Plant Defenses. Journal of Chemical Ecology 38: 651-664.
Kapulnik, Y. & D. D. Douds. Jr. 2000. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology & Function. Springer Science + Business Media, Dordrecht. 188 p.
Lestiyani, A. 2015. Identifikasi, Patogenesitas, dan Variabilitas Penyebab Penyakit Moler pada Bawang Merah. Thesis. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Li, X., R. Zeng & H. Liao. 2016. Improving Crop Nutrient Efficiency through Root Architecture Modifications. Journal of Integrated Plant Biology 58: 193–202.
Mitra, D., U. Navendra, U. Panneerselvam, S. Ansuman, A. N. Ganeshamurthy & J. Divya. 2019. Role of Mycorrhiza and its Associated Bacteria on Plant Growth Promotion and Nutrient Management in Sustainable Agriculture. International Journal of Life Science and Applied Science 1: 1–10.
Naguleswaran, V., K. Pakeerathan, & G. Mikunthan. 2014. Biological Control: A Promising Tool for Bulb-Rot and Leaf Twisting Fungal Disease in Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Jaffna District. World Applied Science Journal 31: 1090-1095.
Nicholson, R. & R. Hammerschmidt, 1992. Phenolic Compounds and their Role in Disease Resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 30: 369-389.
Niemira, B. A., R. Hammerschmidt, & G. R. Safir. 1996. Postharvest Suppression of Potato Dry Rot (Fusarium sambucinum) in Prenenuclear Minitubers by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum. American Potato Journal 73: 509-515.
Nugroho, A. W., Hadiwiyono, & Sudadi, 2015. Potensi Jamur Perakaran sebagai Agens Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Moler (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae) pada Bawang Merah. Jurnal Agrosains 17: 4-8.
Pozo, M. J. & C. Azcón-aguilar. 2007. Unraveling Mycorrhiza- Induced Resistance. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 10: 393–398.
Prasad, R., D. Bhola, K. Akdi, C. Cruz, K.V.S. Sairam, & N. Tuteja. 2017. Introduction to Mycorrhiza: Historical Development, in Mycorrhiza, p. 1-7. In A. Varma, R. Prasad, & N. Tuteja (ed.), Mycorrhiza-Function, Diversity, State of the Art. 4th Edition, Springer, Cham.
Putrasemedja, S. Setiawati, W. Lukman, & A. Hasyim, 2012. Penampilan Beberapa Klon Bawang Merah dan Hubungannya dengan Intensitas Serangan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan. Jurnal Hortikultura 22: 349-359.
Raaijimakers, J. M., T. C. Paulitz, C. Steinberg, C. Alabouvette, & Y. Moenne-Lo Loccoz. 2009. The Rhizosphere: A Playground and Battlefield for Soilborne Pathogens and Beneficial Microorganisms. Journal of Plant and Soil 321: 341-361.
Salisbury, F. B & C. W. Ross. 1995. Fisiologi Tumbuhan. (Translated by D. R. Lukman & Sumaryono). Penerbit ITB, Bandung. 173 p.
Sari, M.P, 2016. Mekanisme Jamur Mikoriza Arbuskular dalam Menekan Perkembangan Penyakit Bercak Ungu pada Bawang Merah. Thesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Setyaningrum, T., D. Indradewa, A. Priyatmojo, & E. Sulistyaningsih. 2019. Trichoderma asperellum Inoculation on Shallot Productivity in Coastal Sand Lands, p. 1-7. In IOP Conferences Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing, Bristol.
Shuab, R., R. Lone, & J. Naidu. 2014. Benefits of Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Development of Onion (Allium cepa) Plant. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environment Science 14: 527-535.
Smith, S. E., I. Jakobsen, M. Grnlund, & F. A. Smith. 2011. Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Plant Phosphorus Nutrition: Interactions between Pathways of Phosphorus Uptake in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots Have Important Implications for Understanding and Manipulating Plant Phosphorus Acquisition. Plant Physiology 156: 1050–1057.
Sudirman, A., C. Sumardiyono, & S. M. Widyastuti. 2011. Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Layu Fusarium Pisang (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense) dengan Trichoderma sp.. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 7: 31-35.
Sutarman, A. E. Prihatiningrum, A. Sukarno, & A. Miftahurrohmat. 2018. Initial Growth Response of Shallot on Trichoderma Formulated in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Wasted, p. 1-6. In P. Valasek, A. Kabutey, M, Petru, G. A. K. Gundil, S. Chen, P. Chen, D. Napitupulu, M. Sigiro, M. S. Adenan, T. L. Ginta, S. Pandiangan, T. Gultom, R. A. Saragih (eds.), Conferences Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing, Bristol.
Widi, A. F. Soesanthy, & Y. Ferry, 2010. Kefektifan Biofungisida Trichoderma sp. dengan Tiga Jenis Bahan Pembawa terhadap Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus micropus. Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian 3: 37-44.
Xavier, L. J. C. & S. M. Boyetcko, 2004. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant Disease Control. http://agris.fao.org/agrissearch/search.do?recordID=US201300970454, modified 01/12/2019.
Yang, C., Y. Liang, D. Qiu, H. Zeng, J. Yuan, & X. Yang. 2018. Lignin Metabolism Involves Botrytis cinerea BcGs1- Induced Defense Response in Tomato. BMC Plant Pathology 18: 1-15.
Zeng, R.S. 2006. Disease Resistance in Plants through Mycorrhizal Fungi Induced Allelochemicals, p. 121-192. In Inderjit & K. G. Mukerji (eds.), Allelochemicals: Biological Control of Plant Pathogens and Disease. Springer, Netherland.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.53517
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2413
| 
views : 1779
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics