Study of Risk Level Death Based on Clinical Symptoms in Cases of Canine Leptosprirosis  in Jakarta, Depok and South Tangerang: Data from January-August 2020

Ambar Retnowati; Agustin Indrawati; Upik Kesumawati; Safika Safika; Pratitis S Wibowo; Susan M Noor; Uus Saepuloh

doi:10.22146/jsv.79400

Study of Risk Level Death Based on Clinical Symptoms in Cases of Canine Leptosprirosis in Jakarta, Depok and South Tangerang: Data from January-August 2020

https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.79400

Ambar Retnowati^(1*), Agustin Indrawati⁽²⁾, Upik Kesumawati⁽³⁾, Safika Safika⁽⁴⁾, Pratitis S Wibowo⁽⁵⁾, Susan M Noor⁽⁶⁾, Uus Saepuloh⁽⁷⁾

(1) Quarantine Veterinarians Soekarno Hatta Agricultural Quarantine Center IndonesianQuarantine Agency Jakarta Doctoral Program in Veterinary Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Institut Pertanian Bogor
(2) Division of Medical Microbiology Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Institut Pertanian Bogor
(3) Division of Medical Microbiology Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Institut Pertanian Bogor
(4) Division of Medical Microbiology Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Institut Pertanian Bogor
(5) Jakarta Animal Hospital, Jalan Harsono RM. No. 28, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta, Indonesia
(6) Bacteriology Laboratory Center for Veterinary Research Bogor, Indonesia
(7) Biotechnology Laboratory of Primate Animal Study Center, Bogor, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria Leptospira sp. which causes infection in animals and humans. Dogs infected with leptospirosis showed symptoms such as anorexia, fever, vomiting, weakness, diarrhea and often experience yellowing of the eye area and mucosa around the mouth (icteric) with fatal systemic complications and multi-organ dysfunction, especially in the kidneys and liver. Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Jakarta. This study aims to identify risk factors that can contribute to canine mortality based on early clinical symptoms that are found when the dog is in an animal health service facility such as a veterinary clinic, veterinary hospital, or independent practice veterinarian. Method was used in this study is clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations and medical records of dogs with suspected leptospirosis. Criteria inclusions were based on aspects of the clinical symptoms of dogs in and around Jakarta. Analysis data used the chi-square with confidence of interval (CI) 95%. Dogs used during the study had ages for puppies (less than 1 year) totaling 13 or 32.50%, for adult dogs over 1 year amounted to 27 or 67.50%, 80% male dogs and 20% female. with 80% maintenance system not housed by the owner. And the conclusion is risk factors for clinical symptoms such as myalgia, symptomatic vomiting of the pulmonary area or shortness of breath and abdominal pain, conjunctival suffusion, anorexia and diarrhea contributed to the high mortality rate leptospirosis during study in dogs 2020.

Keywords

clinical symptoms; canine; leptospirosis

Full Text:

PDF

References

Budiharta, S dan Suardana I.W. (2002). Epidemiologi dan Ekonomi Veteriner. PenerbitUdayanaBali.https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?oi=bibs&cluster=9628917383055217777&btnI=1&hl=en javascript:void(0). Charan J, Saxena D, Mulla S, Yadav P. 2013. Antibiotics for the treatment of leptospirosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Int J Prev Med. 4(5):501–510. Gasem MH, Hadi U, Alisjahbana B, Tjitra E, Hapsari MMDEAH, Lestari ES, Aman AT, Lokida D, Salim G, Kosasih H, et al. 2020. Leptospirosis in Indonesia: Diagnostic challenges associated with atypical clinical manifestations and limited laboratory capacity. BMC Infect Dis. 20(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s12879-020-4903-5. Goarant C. 2016. Leptospirosis: risk factors and management challenges in developing countries. Res Rep Trop Med. Volume 7:49–62. doi:10.2147/rrtm.s102543. Gommeren K, Daminet S. 2017. Leptospirosis in dogs : A retrospective study of seven clinical cases in Belgium Leptospirosis in dogs : a retrospective study of seven clinical cases in Belgium Leptospirose bij honden : een retrospectieve studie van zeven klinische gevallen. (March):258–263. Griebsch C, Kirkwood N, Ward MP, So W, Weerakoon L, Donahoe S, Norris JM. 2022. Emerging leptospirosis in urban Sydney dogs: a case series (2017–2020). Aust Vet J. 100(5):190–200. doi:10.1111/avj.13148. Haake DA, Levett PN. 2015. Leptospirosis in humans. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 387:65–97. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_5. Klaasen HLBM, van der Veen M, Sutton D, Molkenboer MJCH. 2014. A new tetravalent canine leptospirosis vaccine provides at least 12 months immunity against infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 158(1–2):26–29. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.08.002. Rahman MSA, Khor KH, Khairani-Bejo S, Lau SF, Mazlan M, Roslan MA. 2021. Risk and predictive factors of leptospirosis in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor, Malaysia. Animals. 11(12):1–13. doi:10.3390/ani11123405. Retnowati A, Indrawati A, Hadi UK, Safika S, Noor SM. 2022. Distribution Serovar and Risk Factors on the Incidence of Canine Leptospirosis after Flood in Jakarta , Indonesia. 51(1):261–269. Samrot A V., Sean TC, Bhavya KS, Sahithya CS, Chandrasekaran S, Palanisamy R, Robinson ER, Subbiah SK, Mok PL. 2021. Leptospiral infection, pathogenesis and its diagnosis—a review. Pathogens. 10(2):1–30. doi:10.3390/pathogens10020145. Sykes JE, Reagan KL, Nally JE, Galloway RL, Haake DA. 2022. Role of Diagnostics in Epidemiology, Management, Surveillance, and Control of Leptospirosis. Pathogens. 11(4):1–24. doi:10.3390/pathogens11040395. Taylor C. 2019. Canine leptospirosis in the UK and Ireland: EBSCOhost. (May).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.79400