Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Transhipped Through Merak Port and The Impact of its Spread

Faizal Rafiq; Sri Murtini; Mujiatun -; Helmi -; Mochammad Nova Raditya

doi:10.22146/jsv.95129

Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Transhipped Through Merak Port and The Impact of its Spread

https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.95129

Faizal Rafiq⁽¹⁾, Sri Murtini^(2*), Mujiatun -⁽³⁾, Helmi -⁽⁴⁾, Mochammad Nova Raditya⁽⁵⁾

(1) Master Program of Animal Biomedical Sciences IPB University, Bogor Veterinarian in Animal Quarantine Officer, Indonesian Quarantine Agency
(2) Medical Microbiology Division, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
(3) Directorate of Risk Management, Indonesian Quarantine Agency
(4) Balai Besar Uji Standar Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan, Indonesian Quarantine Agency
(5) Veterinarian at Balai Besar Uji Standar Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan, Indonesian Quarantine Agency
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Research to detect the presence of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) was carried out in the work area of the Banten Animal, Fish and Plant Quarantine Center (BBKHIT). Sampling for LSDV detection was taken from cattle that were being transported both in and out of Merak Port. The aim of this research is to detect the presence of LSDV both clinically and in laboratory examinations at Merak Port and estimate the impact of its spread. 152 mouth and nose swab samples were taken, then a quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) test was carried out. The results of the study showed that there were no clinical symptoms observed in the trafficked cattle, however there were 2 positive samples for LSD by molecular testing using qPCR. These results can be said to be subclinically infected cattle. Positive samples came from cattle trafficked from Sumbawa Regency and Central Lampung Regency with respective Ct values of 27.71 and 28.88. Estimates of the impact of the spread of LSDV were carried out based on the categories of breeding cattle and beef cattle. The impact of the spread of LSDV is estimated to be more dangerous and will occur in breeding cattle because of their long lifespan during the rearing process. This means that the LSD virus can continue to spread to other cows rather than cows that are immediately slaughtered.

Keywords

breeding cattle; detection; lumpy skin disease; merak port; qPCR

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aerts, L., A. Haegeman, I. De Leeuw, W. Philips, W. Van Campe, I. Behaeghel, L. Mostin and K. De Clercq. 2021. Detection of clinical and subclinical lumpy skin disease using ear notch testing and skin biopsies. Microorganisms. 9: 2171. Arjkumpa, O., M. Suwannaboon, M. Boonrawd, I. Punyawan, P. Laobannu, S. Yantaphan, A.E. Bungwai, N Suwankitwat, P. Boonpornprasert, B. Nuansrichay, S. Kaewkalong, D. Ounpomma, W. Charoenlarp, N. Pamaranon, R. Prakotcheo, N. Buameetoop, V. Punyapornwithaya and T. Songkasupa. 2021. First emergence of lumpy skin disease in cattle in Thailand. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 68:3002-3004. Babiuk, S., T. R. Bowden, G. Parkyn, B. Dalman, L. Manning, J. Neufeld, C. Embury-Hyatt, J. Copps and D. B. Boyle. 2008. Quantification of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Following Experimental Infection in Cattle. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 55 :299–307. Balinsky, CA., G. Delhon, G. Smoliga, M. Prarat, R.A. French and S.J.Geary. 2008. Rapid preclinical detection of sheeppox virus by a real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 46:438–42. [BARANTAN] Badan Karantina Pertanian. 2022. Surat Edaran Nomor 5076/KR.120/K/02/2022 tentang Peningkatan Kewaspadaan Terhadap Kejadian Lumpy Skin Disease. Badan Karantina Pertanian. Jakarta. Indonesia. Bowden, T.R., S.L. Babiuk, G.R. Parkyn, J.S. Copps and D.B. Boyle. 2008. Capripox virus tissue tropism and shedding: a quantitative study in experimentally infected sheep and goats. Virology. 371 : 380–393. [BSN] Badan Standar Nasional SNI 7651-4. 2020. Standar Nasional Indonesia Bibit sapi potong ─ Bagian 4: Bali. BSN. Jakarta. Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan dan Australia Indonesia Partnership for Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014. Pedoman Teknis Surveilans Penyakit Hewan Menular. Edisi Pertama. Ditjen PKH, Jakarta, Indonesia. Haegeman, A., C. Sohier, L Mostin, I. De Leeuw, W. Van Campe, W. Philips, N. De Regge and K. De Clercq. 2023. Evidence of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Transmission from Subclinically Infected Cattle by Stomoxys calcitrans. Viruses. 15:1285. [iSIKHNAS] Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Hewan Nasional. 2023. Situasi Penyakit Hewan Nasional. Kementerian Pertanian. Jakarta. Indonesia. [IQFAST] Indonesian Quarantine Full Automatic System. 2023. Data Lalu Lintas Media Pembawa HPHK Sapi Balai Karantina Kelas II Cilegon. Badan Karantina Pertanian. Badan Karantina Pertanian. Jakarta. Indonesia. [KEPMENTAN] Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Pertanian Nomor 3238/Kpts /OT.630/9/ 2009. 2009. tentang Penggolongan Jenis-jenis Hama Penyakit Hewan Karantina. Kementerian Pertanian. Jakarta. Indonesia. Li, L., C. Qi, J. Li, W. Nan, Y. Wang, X. Chang, T. Chi, M. Gong, D. Ha, J. De, L. Ma and X. Wu. 2022. Quantitative real-time PCR detection and analysis of a lumpy skin disease outbreak in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Front Vet Sci. 26 : 936581. Namazi, F and A. Khodakaram Tafti. 2021 Lumpy skin disease, an emerging transboundary viral disease: A review. Vet Med Sci. 73:888-896. Parvin, R., E.H. Chowdhury, M.T. Islam, J.A. Begum, M. Nooruzzaman, A. Globig , K. Dietze, B. Hoffmann and E. Tuppurainen. 2022. Clinical Epidemiology, Pathology, and Molecular Investigation of Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreaks in Bangladesh during 2020-2021 Indicate the Re-Emergence of an Old African Strain. Viruses. 14:2529. Ratyotha, K., S. Prakobwong and S. Piratae. 2022. Lumpy skin disease: A newly emerging disease in Southeast Asia. Vet World. 1512:2764–2771. Sain, A., R. Juneja, G. Venu, K. Panwar, F. Devansh, S. Kumar Prajapati, S. Dutta and D. Kumar Pankaj. Review: Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle. Theriogenology. 2022. A Review: Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle. Theriogenology. 12 : 17-22. Sevik, M anda M. Dogan. 2017. Epidemiological and molecular studies on lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Turkey during 2014–2015. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 644 : 1268–1279. Sthitmatee, N., P. Tankaew, W. Modethed, A. Rittipornlertrak, A. Muenthaisong, N. Apinda, P. Koonyosying, B. Nambooppha, P. Chomjit, K. Sangkakam, T. Singhla, P. Vinitchaikul, K. Boonsri, K. Pringproa, V. Punyapornwithaya and K. Kreausukon. 2023. Development of in-house ELISA for detection of antibodies against lumpy skin disease virus in cattle and assessment of its performance using a bayesian approach. Heliyon. 9: 1-9. Suwankitwat, N., K. Bhakha, L. Molee, T. Songkasupa, K. Puangjinda, T. Chamchoy, O. Arjkumpa, B. Nuansrichay, S. Srisomrun, P. Pongphitcha, P. Lekcharoensuk and P. Arunvipas. 2023. Long-term monitoring of immune response to recombinant lumpy skin disease virus in dairy cattle from small-household farms in western Thailand, Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 99 : 102008. [WOAH] World Organization of Animal Health. 2022a. Lumpy Skin Disease. Paris. France. [WOAH] World Organization of Animal Health. 2022b. Terrestrial Animal Health code Chapter 1.4. Animal Health Surveillance. Paris. France. Wolff, J., K. Kiril, B. Martin and Hoffmann. 2020. Minimum Infective Dose of a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Field Strain from North Macedonia Janika. viruses. 127: 768.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.95129