Potensi Polimer Alam Dalam Sistem Penghantaran Obat Yang Tertarget

Reynelda Juliani Sagala; Agustina DR Nurcahyanti

doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i1.75666

Potensi Polimer Alam Dalam Sistem Penghantaran Obat Yang Tertarget

https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i1.75666

Reynelda Juliani Sagala^(1*), Agustina DR Nurcahyanti⁽²⁾

(1) Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jalan Pluit Raya No.2, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
(2) Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jalan Pluit Raya No.2, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Polimer alami telah digunakan sebagai pembawa dalam sistem penghantaran obat dan molekul bioaktif lain. Penelitian terkait penggunaan polimer alami seperti polisakarida, protein dan DNA sebagai pembawa obat telah banyak dikembangkan karena berpotensi meningkatkan efek terapi dan mengurangi efek samping yang tidak diinginkan, contoh aplikasi pada rekayasa jaringan, teknologi pengobatan luka, dan terapi kanker. Perkembangan riset saat ini telah sampai pada modifikasi secara kimia dan fisika, yaitu contohnya dengan penambahan moites untuk meningkatkan efikasi karena penghantarannya yang tertarget. Oleh karena itu, formulasi baru seperti sistem polimer sebagai pembawa obat menjadi menarik karena dapat mencapai respon farmakologi yang lebih baik. Sistem ini merupakan media yang sesuai untuk distribusi dan penghantaran obat yang terkontrol. Mekanisme pelepasan obat yang terkontrol melibatkan polimer dengan sifat fisika kimia yang beragam. Jenis polimer yang potensial dalam penghantaran obat yang telah digunakan termasuk nanopartikel, mikropartikel, dendrimer, misel, dan bentuk sistem penghantaran yang lain. Penulis mengulas sumber polimer alam karena dibandingkan polimer sintetik, efek samping yang ditimbulkan pada sistem biologis rendah, tidak toksik, biodegradable, biokompatibel, dan tidak adanya residu kimia yang toksik dari penggunaan bahan pada proses persiapan, contohnya pada agen crosslinking. Pengembangan konjugasi antar polimer alam untuk meningkatkan efektifitas terapi menjadi menarik dan dapat diaplikasikan dalam sistem penghantaran obat.

Kata Kunci : Polimer alam, polisakarida, protein, DNA, penghantaran tertarget.

Keywords

Polimer alam; polisakarida; protein; DNA; penghantaran tertarget

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i1.75666