Autentikasi Halal: Aplikasi Spektroskopi FTIR Kombinasi Kemometrika untuk Analisis Lemak Babi dalam Campuran Biner dengan Lemak Sapi
Abstract
Lemak hewani seperti lemak babi dan lemak sapi umumnya digunakan sebagai produk makanan dan karena alasan kesehatan dan isu agama sehingga dibutuhkan metode analisis yang efektif untuk analisis lemak hewani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah aplikasi spektroskopi FTIR kombinasi kemometrika untuk analisis lemak babi dalam campuran biner dengan lemak sapi. Sebanyak 25 campuran lemak babi dan lemak sapi dipindai dengan spektrofotometer FTIR pada daerah bilangan gelombang 4000-650 cm-1. Daerah bilangan gelombang dengan mode spektra yang berbeda (normal, derivatif pertama, dan derivatif kedua) dioptimasi menggunakan 2 jenis kalibrasi multivariat yaitu principle component regression (PCR) dan partial least square regression (PLSR). Selain itu, juga dilakukan klasifikasi lemak sapi terhadap lemak babi dalam campuran menggunakan analisis diskriminan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode PLSR dengan menggunakan spektra FTIR derivatif pertama pada daerah bilangan gelombang 3100-660 cm-1 dapat digunakan untuk mengkuantifikasi lemak babi dalam campuran biner dengan lemak sapi dengan nilai R2 (koefisien determinasi) sebesar 0,9976 dan 0,9748 untuk kalibrasi dan validasi secara berturut-turut dengan kesalahan terendah untuk kalibrasi dan validasi secara berturut-turut sebesar 0,0162 dan 0,0558. Analisis diskriminan dengan menggunakan 10 komponen utama, mampu memisahkan lemak sapi murni dan lemak sapi dalam campuran dengan lemak babi dengan taraf akurasi sebesar 99,31%. Spektroskopi FTIR yang dikombinasi dengan kemometrika merupakan metode yang cep-at dan efektif untuk mendeteksi lemak babi dalam campuran dengan lemak sapi.
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