Mechanistic insights into the modulation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory and oxidative stress responses by Myrmecodia platytyrea tuber ethyl acetate extract in RAW 264.7 macrophages
Immunomodulatory mechanism of M. platytyrea
Keywords:
Ant nest tuber, sarang semut, immunomodulation, phenolics, macrophages, Myrmecodia
Abstract
Southeast Asians frequently utilise Myrmecodia platytyrea (Rubiaceae) to treat inflammatory diseases, but little is known about the molecular mechanism of this herbal plant. We evaluated the effect of M. platytyrea tuber ethyl acetate extract (EAMPT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells. The total phenolic content of EAMPT were determined using the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). In vitro, the RAW 264.7 cells were divided into four groups: control (untreated), LPS (1 µg/mL LPS), treatment (3.75 to 60 µg/mL EAMPT plus LPS) and reference (200 µM ibuprofen plus LPS). Subsequently, cell culture samples were tested for cell viability, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers using the MTT assay, biochemical assays, ELISA, real-time qPCR and Western blot. EAMPT, with a total phenolic content of 4.15%, suppressed LPS-induced inflammation by lowering gene and protein expression of the iNOS/NO pathway and TNF-α. Furthermore, ROS levels were reduced while the HO-1 gene and protein expression increased, implying the antioxidant effect of EAMPT. The ROS-inhibitory effect was shown to be strongly correlated with its NO-inhibitory effect. EAMPT increased IL-6 gene and protein expression while no effect on the COX-2/PGE2 pathway was observed. In summary, EAMPT offers synergistic effects through dual mechanisms in an in vitro inflammation model, highlighting iNOS and HO-1 as therapeutic targets. Further research on M. platytyrea tuber's pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics may reveal its novel therapeutic potential.
References
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McEvoy, L., Carr, D. F., & Pirmohamed, M. (2021). Pharmacogenomics of NSAID-Induced Upper Gastrointestinal Toxicity. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 684162. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.684162
Memarzia, A., Khazdair, M. R., Behrouz, S., Gholamnezhad, Z., Jafarnezhad, M., Saadat, S., & Boskabady, M. H. (2021). Experimental and clinical reports on anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa and curcumin, an updated and comprehensive review. BioFactors, 47(3), 311-350. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1716
Merecz-Sadowska, A., Sitarek, P., Śliwiński, T., & Zajdel, R. (2020). Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extracts and Pure Compounds Derived from Plants via Modulation of Signaling Pathways, Especially PI3K/AKT in Macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249605
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Pasaribu, Y. P., Buyang, Y., Rettob, A. L., Latuheru, R., & Marlissa, I. (2018). Phytochemical screening of ant plant Myrmecodia rumphii Becc. Atlantis Highlights in Engineering, 1, 285-288.
Piotrowski, I., Kulcenty, K., & Suchorska, W. (2020). Interplay between inflammation and cancer. Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy, 25(3), 422-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2020.04.004
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Published
2025-12-30
How to Cite
Jaafar, A., Idorus, M. Y., Mohd Hatta, F. H., Jahidin, A. H., Abdul Nasir, N. A., & Hasan, M. H. (2025). Mechanistic insights into the modulation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory and oxidative stress responses by Myrmecodia platytyrea tuber ethyl acetate extract in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.19750
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Section
Research Article
