In vivo assay of Gigantochloa apus shoot extract as biolarvicide for myiasis-causing fly larvae

Aqsa Aufa Syauqi Sadana; Hermawan Istiadi; Ryan Halleyantoro; Muflihatul Muniroh

doi:10.22146/inajbcs.v57i4.16307

Aqsa Aufa Syauqi Sadana Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2212-0403
Hermawan Istiadi Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2367-9218
Ryan Halleyantoro Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8299
Muflihatul Muniroh Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-6722

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/inajbcs.v57i4.16307

Keywords: Gigantochloa apus (bamboo) shoot extract, fly larvae, mortality, myiasis

Abstract

The use of synthetic insecticides in treating myiasis is associated with adverse side effects and potential disruption of metabolic systems, prompting interest in natural alternatives. This study investigated the in vivo larvicidal efficacy of Gigantochloa apus bamboo shoot extract, formulated as a spray gel. Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a negative control group, a positive control (ivermectin), and 3 treatment groups receiving of 1%, 3%, and 5% G. apus bamboo shoot extract. Myiasis was induced by introducing fly larvae into standardized wounds. Treatments were applied topically twice daily for 32 hr, and larval mortality was assessed every 8 hr. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and hydrogen cyanide, all of which are known for their larvicidal, neurotoxic, and antiproliferative properties. The 5% extract group showed the highest mortality rate (100%) at 32 hr. The LC50 and LC95 values were determined at 1.43% and 6.01%, respectively. Compared to the standard ivermectin treatment, the 5% extract demonstrated a shorter lethal time and more rapid larval death. Morphological examination revealed darker abdominal segments in the dead larvae, indicating a potential interaction with the digestive tract. These findings indicate that G. apus bamboo shoot extract has potential larvicidal activity and can be an effective natural alternative for treating myiasis.

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