Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on the development of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus: a rapid review
Keywords:
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, inflammation
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is closely linked to disturbances in lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation. In diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycemia exacerbates atherosclerosis by inducing structural changes in blood vessel endothelium through chronic inflammation triggered by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) formation. Inflammation plays a major role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, with OxLDL, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 s(ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) being crucial players in this process. Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) a medicinal plant rich in polyphenols, is believed to have a role to prevent atherosclerosis development through its antioxidant activity, inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and modulating inflammation pathways. This review explores the potential of hibiscus to prevent atherosclerosis development in DM, focusing on its phytochemical compounds and their impact on oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation pathways. The review highlights the importance of targeting VSMC proliferation, migration, and inflammatory responses mediated by ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 to attenuate atherosclerosis progression. Hibiscus shows promise as a natural treatment for atherosclerosis, but further research is still needed to fully understand its mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
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https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2021.113006
3. Hirunpanich V, Utaipat A, Morales NP, Bunyapraphatsara N, Sato H, Herunsalee A, et al. Antioxidant effects of aqueous extracts from dried calyx of hibiscus sabdariffa LINN. (Roselle) in vitro using rat low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28(3):481-4.
https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.481
4. Fithrotunnisa Q, Arsianti A, Kurniawan G, Qorina F, Tejaputri NA, Azizah NN. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn Extracts on A549 Lung Cancer Cell Line. Pharmacogn J 2020; 12(1):14-9.
https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.3
5. Bedi PS, Bekele M, Gure G. Phyto-Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn.-a Review. International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 2020; 21(23):41-54.
https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i2330301
6. Shaha MDA, Biswas KK, Shaha RK. Alcoholic Green Fruits Extract of Abroma Augustam Linn. (Ulatkambal) Used for the Treatment of Diabetes. JECET 2021; 10(4):542-52.
https://doi.org/10.24214/jecet.a.10.4.54252
7. Bhupathie D, Kumar MS, Rengasamy KRR. A comprehensive network pharmacology study of nelumbinis semen (Lotus Seeds) phytochemicals for atherosclerosis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Natural Resources for Human Health 2023; 3(4):469-76.
https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/175559
8. Bhat M, Kothiwale SK, Tirmale AR, Bhargava SY, Joshi BN. Antidiabetic Properties of Azardiracta Indica and Bougainvillea Spectabilis: In Vivo Studies in Murine Diabetes Model. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2011; 2011:561625.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep033
9. Chen CC, Hsu JD, Wang SF, Chiang HC, Yang MY, Kao ES, et al. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51(18):5472-7.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030065w
10. Chen JH, Wang CJ, Wang CP, Sheu JY, Lin CL, Lin HH. Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf polyphenolic extract inhibits LDL oxidation and foam cell formation involving up-regulation of LXRα/ABCA1 pathway. Food Chem 2013; 141(1):397-406.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.026
11. Micucci M, Malaguti M, Toschi TG, Di Lecce G, Aldini R, Angeletti A, et al. Cardiac and Vascular Synergic Protective Effect Of Olea Europea L. Leaves And Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. Flower Extracts. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015:318125.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/318125
12. Hopkins AL, Lamm MG, Funk JL, Ritenbaugh C. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Fitoterapia 2013; 85:84-94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.003
13. Sarr M, Ngom S, Kane MO, Wale A, Diop D, Sarr B, et al. In vitro vasorelaxation mechanisms of bioactive compounds extracted from hibiscus sabdariffa on rat thoracic aorta. Nutr Metab2009; 6:45.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-6-45
14. Eckel RH, Bornfeldt KE, Goldberg IJ. Cardiovascular disease in diabetes, beyond glucose. Cell Metab 2021; 33(8):1519-45.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.001
15. Wang CCL, Hess CN, Hiatt WR, Goldfine AB. Clinical update: cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus–mechanisms, management, and clinical considerations. Circulation 2016; 133(24):2459-502.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022194
16. Sarbini D, Sargowo D, Rohman MS. Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn) terhadap NF-ĸβ, TNF-α dan ICAM-1 pada Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) Cultured yang dipapar Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Teroksidasi. J Exp Life Sci 2011; 1(2):102-10.
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jels.2011.001.02.07
17. Gonçalves I, Edsfeldt A, Ko NY, Grufman H, Berg K, Björkbacka H, et al. Evidence supporting a key role of Lp-PLA2-generated lysophosphatidylcholine in human atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32(26);1505-12.
https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.249854
18. Pamukcu B, Lip GYH, Shantsila E. The nuclear factor--kappa B pathway in atherosclerosis: a potential therapeutic target for atherothrombotic vascular disease. Thromb Res 2011; 128(2):117-23.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2011.03.025
19. Yuan T, Yang T, Chen H, Fu D, Hu Y, Wang J, et al. New insights into oxidative stress and inflammation during diabetes mellitus-accelerated atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2019; 20:247-60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.025
20. de Winther MPJ, Kanters E, Kraal G, Hofker MH. Nuclear factor kappaB signaling in atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25(5):904-14.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.Atv.0000160340.72641.87
21. Huang CN, Chan KC, Lin WT, Su SL, Wang CJ, Peng CH. Hibiscus sabdariffa inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration induced by high glucose--a mechanism involves connective tissue growth factor signals. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57(8):3073-9.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803911n
22. Mohammed Yusof NL, Zainalabidin S, Mohd Fauzi N, Budin SB. Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) polyphenol-rich extract averts cardiac functional and structural abnormalities in type 1 diabetic rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 43(12):1224-32.
https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0084
23. Tseng TH, Kao ES, Chu CY, Chou FP, Wu WHL, Wang CJ. Protective effects of dried flower extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. against oxidative stress in rat primary hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 1997; 35(12):1159-64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6915(97)85468-3
24. ShamsEldeen AM, Fawzy A, Ashour H, Abdel-Rahman M, Nasr HE, Mohammed LA, et al. Hibiscus attenuates renovascular hypertension-induced aortic remodeling dose dependently: the oxidative stress role and Ang II/cyclophilin A/ERK1/2 signaling. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1116705.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1116705
25. Arroyo SF, Medina IR, Beltran-Debon R, Pasini F, Joven J, Micol V, et al. Quantification of the polyphenolic fraction and in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-hyperlipemic activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract. Food Res Int 2011; 44(5):1490-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.040
26. Hirunpanich V, Utaipat A, Morales NP, Bunyapraphatsara N, Sato H, Hernsale A, et al. Hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extracts from the dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in hypercholesterolemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 103(2):252-60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.033
27. Chen CC, Chou FP, Ho YC, Lin WL, Wang CP, Kao ES, et al. Inhibitory effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L extract on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and anti-hyperlipidemia in fructose-fed and cholesterol-fed rats. J Sci Food Agric 2004; 84(15):1989-96.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1872
28. Mardiah, Zakaria FR, Prangdimurti E, Damanik R. Anti-inflammatory of Purple Roselle Extract in Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozotocin. Procedia Food Science 2015; 3:182-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.020
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