Leronlimab as a promising precision therapy targeting CCR5 in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a narrative review

Abstract

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer, accounting for a significant proportion of breast cancer-related deaths. The lack of targeted therapies for TNBC has necessitated the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that CCR5 is overexpressed in a subset of TNBC and plays a critical role in promoting tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion within the tumor microenvironment. Leronlimab has shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies as a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC. This narrative review aims to explore the role of CCR5 in metastatic TNBC, current findings, and therapeutic potency of leronlimab in targeting CCR5 as a novel treatment strategy for metastatic TNBC. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords including “Leronlimab”, “CCR5”, “TNBC”, “Immunotherapy”, and “Metastasis”. Articles were selected based on their relevance to CCR5-mediated oncogenesis, leronlimab’s mechanism of action, and preclinical or clinical data in cancer settings. The findings are synthesized narratively, focusing on biological mechanisms, preclinical efficacy, clinical trial results, and future directions of CCR5-targeted therapy.CCR5 is overexpressed in a subset of TNBC and contributes to migration, metastasis, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Leronlimab effectively blocks CCR5 and has demonstrated promising results in models, including reduced tumor growth, decreased metastasis, and enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Unlike conventional therapies, Leronlimab offers a targeted, immune-modulating mechanism with the potential for fewer systemic toxicities. Early-phasetrials indicate favorable safety, but efficacy data in TNBC remain limited and warrant further investigation. Leronlimab is a promising CCR5-targeted precision therapy, with potential to inhibit metastasis and enhance immune response. Further clinical validation and biomarker-based patient selection are crucial to define its therapeutic role.