Online Digital Photography of Ancient Indonesian Statues for Research Purposes

  • Ahmad Kholdun Ibnu Sholah Ikatan Ahli Arkeologi Indonesia
Keywords: Patung Kuno Indonesia, Fotografi, Analisis Bentuk, Katalog Digital Daring, Digitalisasi, Ancient Indonesian Statues, Photography, Formal Analysis, Online Digital Catalogue, Digitization

Abstract

During the pandemic, lockdown and closure of facilities limited access to museums and archaeological sites. This condition heavily impacted researcher who require observation for analysis on archaeological object, such as statues. As alternative, photography of statues that is distributed to online platform will certainly help to solve this problem. In this regard, three main topics are presented in this paper. Firstly, a review of studies conducted in the past on ancient Indonesian statues using photography as the main source will be presented showing that photography is able to present a formal dimension of sculpture that is useful for stylistic and iconographic studies. Secondly, an overview of current conditions revealing that a number of museums and institutions have provided digital catalogs containing photographs of ancient Indonesian statues, but they have different policies. Lastly, there are some issues with digitizing photographic resources that require multidisciplinary collaboration to solve.

===

Selama masa pandemic Covid-19, penghentian kegiatan dan penutupan fasilitas telah membatasi kunjungan ke museum dan situs arkeologi. Keadaan ini sangat berdampak pada peneliti yang harus mengobservasi objek kajiannya, misalnya patung. Sebagai alternatif, foto patung yang disebarluaskan secara daring dapat menjadi solusi masalah ini. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas tiga hal terkait hal ini.  Pertama, tinjauan terhadap kajian patung kuno di masa lalu yang menggunakan foto sebagai dasar kajian menunjukkan cara itu mampu menyediakan data dimensi bentuk yang amat berguna dalam analisis gaya dan ikonografi. Kedua, kini beberapa museum dan lembaga telah menyebarluaskan katalog digital fotografi patung Indonesia kuno, meskipun kebijakan yang diterapkan beragam.Terakhir, untuk menghadapi berbagai isu digitalisasi sumber kajian berupa fotografi perlu dilakukan kerjasama multidisiplin.

References

Bandle, A. L., Benhamou, Y., Burkhalter, S., Ferland, J., Guibault, L., Heaton, M., . . . Vuille, V. (2020). Polcy Paper on the Digitization of Museum Collection. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from Digitization of Museum Collection: www.digitizationpolicies.com

Boer, G. T.-d. (2012). Collection guide Oudheidkundige Dienst in Nederlandsch-Indië, Photographs Collection (ubl161). Retrieved April 11, 2021, from Leiden University Libraries Digital Collection: https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/view/item/1887211

Caraffa, D. C. (2019). The photo archive as laboratory. Art history, photography, and materiality. ARLIS, 44/1, 37-46.

Dijkshroon, C., Jongma, L., Aroyo, L., Ossenbruggen, J. v., Schreiber, G., Weele, W. t., & Wielemaker, J. (2018). The Rijksmuseum Collection as Linked Data. Semantic Web 9, 221-230.

Dublin Core. (2012). Dublin Core™ Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1: Reference Description. Retrieved 5 19, 2021, from https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublincore/dces/

Fawcett, T. (1987). Plane Surfaces and Solid Bodies: Reproducing Three-Dimensional Art in the Nineteenth Century. Visual Resources, Vol. IV, 1-23.

Fontein, J., Soekmono, R., & Sedyawati, E. (1990). The Sculpture of Indonesia. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.

Gilliland, A. J. (2008). Setting the Stage. In M. Baca, Introduction to Metadata (pp. 1-19). Los Angeles: the Getty Research Institute.

Hinzler, H. I. (1993). The Indonesian Archaeology Photograph and Documentation System (IAPDS). Art Libraries Journal, 34-38.

Huntington, S. L. (1984). The "Pala-Sena" School of Sculpture. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Johnson, G. A. (1999). Introduction Sculpture and Photography: Envisioning Thrid Dimension. In G. A. Johnson, Sculpture and Photography: Envisioning Thrid Dimension (pp. 1-19). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Keene, S. (1997). Becoming Digital. Museum Management and Curatorship, Vol 15, no. 3, 299-313.

Kempers, A. J. (1933). The Bronze of Nalanda and Hindu-Javanese Art. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie, Deel 90 , 1-88.

Kempers, A. J. (1959). Ancient Indonesian Art. Amsterdam: C. P. J. Van Der Peet.

Klamm, S. (2017). "Pictorial Silhouettes" and Their Surounding Antique Sculpture and Archaeological Photography. In M. R. Luke, & S. Hamill, Photography and Sculpture: The Art Object in Reproduction (pp. 50-66). Los Angeles: Getty Publications.

Klokke, M. J. (1994). The Iconography of the So-called Potrait Statues in East Javanese Art. In M. J. Klokke, & P. L. Scheurleer, Ancient Indonesian Sculpture (pp. 178-201). Leiden: KITLV Press.

Lockard, J. (2016). Seeing Through a Roman Lens: Formalism, Photography, and the Lost Visual Rhetoric of Riegl’s Late Roman Art Industry. History of Photography, 40:3, 301-309.

Modest, W. (n.d.). Online Collectie Database. Retrieved May 8, 2021, from https://collectie.wereldculturen.nl/#/query/dcf4660e-b7c6-4b60-8be8-63913758010e

Panofsky, E. (1972). Studies in Iconology Humanistic Themes In the Art of the Renaissance. New York: Harper and Row.

Patel, M., White, M., Mourkoussis, N., Walczak, K., Wojciechowski, R., & Chmielewski, J. (2005). Metadata Requirements for Digital Museum Environments. International Journal on Digital Libraries 5(3), 179-192.

Poole, N. (2010). The Cost of Digitizing Europe's Cultural Heritage. London: The Collection Trust.

Rijksmuseum. (n.d.). Our Data in A Nutshell. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/research/conduct-research/data/overview

Schapiro, M. (1953). Style. In A. L. Kroeber, Anthropology Today an Encyclopedic Inventory (pp. 287-312). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Scheurleer, P. L., & Klokke, M. J. (1988). Divine Bronze Ancient Indonesian Bronze from AD 600 to 1600. Leiden: E.J. Brill.

Seguin, B., Costiner, L., Lenardo, I. d., & Kaplan, F. (2018). New Techniques for the Digitization of Art Historical Photographic Archives - the Case of the Cini Foundation in Venice. Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 1-5.

Sholah, A. K. (2021). Photography in Indonesian Archaeology of the 19th to the Early 20th Century. SPAFACON2021 (pp. 356-368). Bangkok: SEAMEO SPAFA Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine Arts.

Straten, R. v. (1994). An Introduction to Iconography. New York: Taylor & Francis.

The British Museum. (n.d.). Copyright and Permission. Retrieved May 8, 2021, from https://www.britishmuseum.org/terms-use/copyright-and-permissions

UNESCO. (2020). Museum Around the World in the Face of Covid-19. Paris: UNESCO.

Winaya, A. (2019). Penelitian Arkeologi "Gaya Seni Ikonografi Mataram Kuno dan Persebarannya di Jawa, Sumatra, dan Semenanjung Malaysia: Indikasi Aktifitas Kemaritiman Nusantara pada Abad ke-8 - 10 M". Retrieved May 10, 2021, from https://arkenas.kemdikbud.go.id/contents/read/news/vmkxz0_1554800864/penelitianarkeologi-%E2%80%9Cgaya-seni-ikonografi-mataram-kuno-dan-persebarannya-dijawa-sumatra-dan-semenanjung-malaysia-indikasi-aktivitas-kemaritiman-nusantarapada-abad-ke-8-%E2%80%

Published
2023-04-17
How to Cite
Sholah, A. K. I. (2023). Online Digital Photography of Ancient Indonesian Statues for Research Purposes. JANUS, 1(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.22146/janus.v1i1.7414
Section
Articles