* Corresponding Author
Asal-Usul Pemikiran tentang Sekularisme di Abad Pertengahan
https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.73767 Martin Suryajaya(1*)
(1) Institut Kesenian Jakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Artikel ini melacak asal-usul wacana sekularisme dalam filsafat politik Abad Pertengahan, khususnya dalam pemikiran Dante Alighieri, Marsilius Padua dan William Ockham. Pertanyaan pokok yang membimbing kajian ini adalah: sejauh mana benih pemikiran mengenai sekularisme sudah muncul pada masa Abad Pertengahan? Metode yang digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut adalah telaah filosofis atas konflik antara kuasa temporal dan spiritual yang menjadi konteks perdebatan mengenai kedudukan penguasa sekuler dalam hubungannya dengan otoritas keagamaan tertinggi. Dengan memeriksa respons terhadap kekuasaan mutlak gereja, terlihat adanya sejumlah alternatif berbeda yang salah satunya adalah sekularisme. Melalui penelusuran itu ditemukan bahwa sekalipun terdapat benih-benih sekularisme dalam pemikiran William Ockham, ia tetap mengandaikan paradigma religius tentang dunia yang mengasalkan sumber pembagian kewenangan temporal dan spiritual pada Tuhan, sedangkan Dante dan Marsilius Padua justru mengklaim otoritas religius dikandung dalam otoritas sekuler. Pemisahan gereja dari negara masih dilakukan dalam pengandaian penyelenggaraan ilahi di dunia. Pengandaian inilah yang membedakannya dari sekularisme modern.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alighieri, D. (1996). Monarchy (Prue Shaw, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Alighieri, D. (2020). "Monarchia" (Prue Shaw, Ed.). https://www.danteonline.it/monarchia/
Barras, A. (2017). Secularism in France. In: Phil Zuckerman and John R. Shook (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Secularism (pp. 142-154). New York: Oxford University Press.
Bernard of Clairvaux (1908). On Consideration (George Lewis, Trans.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Bolan, M.M. (2016). Understanding Modern Philosophy through Political Philosophy: The Unity of Ideal Subjects—Political, Epistemological, and Moral. Perspectives on Political Science, 45:1, 9-14.
Davis, C.T. (2007). Dante and the empire. In: Rachel Jacoff (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Dante, Second Edition, (pp. 257-269). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davis, D. (1991). Seeds of the Secular State: Dante’s Political Philosophy as Seen in the De Monarchia. Journal of Church and State, 33(2), 327–346.
Edwards, A. & Townshend, J. (2002). Introduction. In Alistair Edwards and Jules Townshend (Eds.), Interpreting Modern Political Philosophy From Machiavelli to Marx (pp. 1-20). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Garnett, G. (2006). Marsilius of Padua and ‘the Truth of History’. New York: Oxford University Press.
King, P.D. (2007). The barbarian kingdoms. In J.H. Burns (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought, c. 350 - c. 1450 (pp. 123-153). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Koch, B. (2012). Marsilius of Padua on Church and State. In Gerson Moreno-Riaño & Cary J. Nederman (Eds.), A Companion to Marsilius of Padua (pp. 139-180). Leiden: Brill.
Korab-Karpowicz, W.J. (2016). On the History of Political Philosophy, Great Political Thinkers from Thucydides to Locke. London: Routledge.
Lepsius, O. (2007). Hans Kelsen on Dante Alighieri’s Political Philosophy. The European Journal of International Law Vol. 27 no. 4, 1153–1167.
Luscombe, D.E. & G.R. Evans. (2007). The twelfth-century renaissance. In J.H. Burns (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought, c. 350 - c. 1450 (pp. 306-338). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marsilius of Padua. (1993a). Defensor Minor (Cary J. Nederman, Trans.). In Cary J. Nederman (Ed.), Writings on the Empire: Defensor Minor and De translatione Imperii (pp. 1-64). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marsilius of Padua. (1993b). De translatione Imperii (Cary J. Nederman, Trans.). In Cary J. Nederman (Ed.), Writings on the Empire: Defensor Minor and De translatione Imperii (pp. 65-82). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marsilius of Padua. (2005). The Defender of the Peace (Annabel Brett, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McGrade, A.S. (2002). The Political Thought of William Ockham: Personal and Institutional Principles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nederman, C.J. (2009). Lineages of European Political Thought: Explorations along the Medieval/Modern Divide from John of Salisbury to Hegel. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press.
Nicol, D.M. (2007). Byzantine political thought. In J.H. Burns (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought, c. 350 - c. 1450 (pp. 51-79). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Robinson, I.S. (2007). Church and papacy. In J.H. Burns (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought, c. 350 - c. 1450 (pp. 252-305). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shogimen, T. (2007). Ockham and Political Discourse in the Late Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stocchi-Perucchio, D. (2017). Dante Politico: Toward a Mapping of Dante’s Political Thought. Mediaevalia, Volume 38, 2017, 13-36.
Taylor, C. (2007). A Secular Age. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Tierney, B. (1964). The Crisis of Church & State, 1050-1300. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Valla, L. (1922). The Treatise of Lorenzo Valla on The Donation of Constantine (Christopher B. Coleman, Trans.). New Haven: Yale University Press.
Watt, J.A. (2007). Spiritual and temporal powers. In J.H. Burns (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought, c. 350 - c. 1450 (pp. 367-423). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
William of Ockham (1995a). Dialogue. In William Ockham. A Letter to the Friars Minor and Other Writings (John Kilcullen, Trans.) (pp. 118-299). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
William of Ockham (1995b). Eight Questions on the Power of the Pope. In William Ockham. A Letter to the Friars Minor and Other Writings, (John Kilcullen, Trans.) (pp. 300-333). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wood, E.M. (2012). Liberty and Property: A Social History of Western Political Thought from Renaissance to Enlightenment. London: Verso.
Zuckerman, P. & Shook, J.R. (2017). Introduction: The Study of Secularism. In Phil Zuckerman and John R. Shook (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Secularism (pp. 1-18). New York: Oxford University Press.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.73767
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 9881
| 
views : 23896
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Filsafat
Jurnal Filsafat Indexed by:
Jurnal Filsafat ISSN 0853-1870 (print), ISSN 2528-6811 (online)