Non infectious risk factors in pediatric sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract

Pediatric sensorineural hearing loss can cause delay in speech and daily social
communication. The causative factors are infectious or non infecious. The role of
infectious risk factors in pediatric sensorineral hearing loss has been proven. However,
the role of non infectious factors has not been reported, yet. The aim of the study was to
evaluate the role of non infectious factors in pediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).
This was a case control study using data collected from outpatients and medical records
in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from June to December 2015. The inclusion
criteria of case group were children with SNHL and aged 0 – 5 years old, whereas
the inclusion criteria of control group was children with normal hearing and aged 0-5
years old. The exclusion criteria were children with history of infectious risk factors and
head trauma. Hearing status were determined by Otoacoustic Emission Testing (OAE)
and Brainstem Evoked Response Auditory (BERA), based on a= 5%, b = 20%; OR
asumption = 3.0. Sixty two subjects were selected with 31 subjects in each group.
Multivariate analysis showed that low birth weight (LBW) (p=0.018; OR=6.553; 95%
CI=1.38 – 31.13) and asphyxia (p= 0.041; OR=6.448; 95% CI=1.077 – 38.595)
were risk factors, while hyperbilirubinemia (p= 0.382; OR=2.46; 95% CI=0.365 –
13.805) and gestation (p=0.876; OR=0.831; 95% CI=0.081 – 8.483) were not risk
factors for pediatric SNHL. In conclusion, LBW and asphyxia are risk factors for pediatric
SNHL, whereas prematurity and hyperbilirubinemia are not risk factors.