Effects of resistant starch of mixed tubers snacks on glucose metabolism, leptin, visceral fat and body mass index in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005101201906

Jenny Hidayat(1*), . Sunarti(2), . Mustofa(3), Ahmad Hamim Sadewa(4)

(1) Doctoral Program of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University Catholic of Atma Jaya, Jakarta,
(2) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(4) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Resistant starch could lower blood glucose, decrease adipocyte in adipose tissue and affect satiety hormones such as leptin. Tubers and pumpkin have high content of resistant starch, but their effectiveness to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been known clearly. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of snack consumption made from tubers and pumpkins to BMI, visceral fat, glucose and leptin levels in the blood of T2DM patients and the correlation between the variables. The research method was pre-post clinical trial. Sixteen T2DM patients were in treatment (RS) and control groups. Subjects in RS group were given snack twice daily for 4 weeks. After following wash out process for 4 weeks, the same subjects was continued as subjects’ control. Paired t-test and/or Wilcoxon-test was used to analyze the differences between values before and after treatment in the group and between groups. Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation of BMI, visceral fat, glucose and leptin level. The visceral fat was increased in RS group (p=0.04) after 4 weeks consuming snack but decrease in control group (p=0.04) without significant change of BMI. Leptin level was decreased (p=0.00) in RS group. Blood glucose significantly decreased (p=0.01) and leptin level increased slightly in control group. Comparing the RS and control group at the end of study, there were significantly different in the variation of visceral fat in the female groups (p=0.05) and leptin (p=0.05). Visceral fat correlated with BMI in the RS and control group. In conclusion, the mixed tubers and pumpkin snack decreased the leptin level but increased visceral fat.

Keywords


resistant starch, T2DM, leptin, visceral fat, diet

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Anonym. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2010;31(suppl 1):62-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc10-S062
  2. Wang B, Chandrasekera PC, Pippin JJ. Leptin-and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models: relevance for human type 2 diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2014;10(2):131-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399810666140508121012
  3. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010;87(1):4-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007
  4. Angelopoulos T, Kokkinos A, Liaskos C, Tentolouris N, Alexiadou K, Miras AD, et al. The effect of slow spaced eating on hunger and satiety in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMJ Open Diab Res Care 2014;2(1):e000013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2013-000013
  5. Colagiuri S. Diabesity: therapeutic options. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010;12(6):463-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01182.x
  6. Ozougwu JC, Obimba KC, Belonwu CD, Unakalamba CB. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Pathophysiol2013;4(4):46-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JPAP2013.0001
  7. Seino Y, Nanjo K, Tajim N, Kadowaki T, Kashiwagi A, Araki E, et al. Report of the committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2010;1(5):212-28. http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00074.x.
  8. Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Wasserman DH, Castaneda CS, White RD. Physical activity/exerise and tipe 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006;29(6):1433-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc06-9910
  9. Petznick A. Prevention of diabetes mellitus-related macrovascular disease. AOA Health Watch 2010;9-15.
  10. Birt DF, Boylston T, Hendrich S, Jane JL, Hollis J, Li L, et al. Resistant starch: promise for improving human health. Adv Nutr 2013;4(6):587-601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.113.004325
  11. Bodinham CL, Smith L, Thomas EL, Bell JD, Swann JR, Costabile A, et al. Efficacy of increased resistant starch consumption in human type 2 diabetes. Endocr Connect2014;3(2):75-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0036
  12. Widyahening IS, Soewondo P. Capacity for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary health centers in Indonesia. J Indon Med Assoc 2012;62(11):439-43.
  13. Higgins JA. Resistant starch and energy balance: impact on weight loss and maintaenance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014;54(9):1158-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.629352
  14. Wulan SN, Saparianti E, Widjanarko SB, Kurnaeni N. Modifikasi pati sederhana dengan metode fisik, kimia, dan kombinasi fisik-kimia untuk menghasilkan tepung pra-masak tinggi pati resisten yang dibuat dari jagung, kentang, dan ubi kayu. J Teknol Pertan 2006;7(1):1-9.
  15. Afana FZ. Uji daya terima, kandungan serat pangan larut, dan pati resisten pada mie basah formulasi tepung gembili, tepung garut dan tepung terigu [Theses]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2014.
  16. Polakof S, Díaz-Rubio ME, Dardevet D, Martin JF, Pujos-Guillot E, Scalbert A, et al. Resistant starch intake partly restores metabolic and inflammatory alterations in the liver of high-fat-diet-fed rats. J Nutr Biochem 2013;24(11):1920-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.05.008
  17. Freedland ES. Role of a critical visceral adipose tissue threshold (CVATT) in metabolic syndrome: Implications for controlling dietary carbohydrates: A review. Nutr Metab 2004;1(1):12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-1-12
  18. Maziarz MP, Preisendanz S, Juma S, Imrhan V, Prasad C, Vijayagopal P. Resistant starch lowers postprandial glucose and leptin in overweight adults consuming a moderate-to-high-fat diet: a randomized-controlled trial. Nutr J 2017;16(1):14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0235-8
  19. Frayn KN. Visceral fat and insulin resistance--causative or correlative? Br J Nutr 2000;83(Suppl 1):71-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114500000982
  20. Paracchini V, Pedotti P, Taioli E. Genetics of leptin and obesity: A HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162(2):101-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi174



DOI: https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005101201906

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2171 | views : 1585


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2019 Jenny Hidayat, . Sunarti, . Mustofa, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.