Effect of kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) ethanolic leaves extract on uterus of pregnant mice and its teratogenicity

https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005304202102

Desy Armalina(1*), Neni Susilaningsih(2), Indah Saraswati(3), Eva Annisa(4)

(1) Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
(2) Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
(3) Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
(4) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a source of additional dietary. It contains 9 essential amino acids, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc and vitamins A, C, E and B which have a major role in the immune system. Previous study reported that M. oleifera Lam can increase the hemoglobin of breastfeeding mothers. In contrast, M. oleifera Lam is well known as abortifacient plant, therefore it is not recommended to use during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. oleifera Lam ethanolic leaves extract M. oleifera Lam on uterus of pregnant mice and its teratogenic effect. Twenty pregnant female Balb/c mice were used in this experimental study. Mice were randomized divided into four groups with five mice in each group. Group C as control, mice were not given anything. Group T1-T3 were given M. oleifera Lam ethanolic leaves extract during pregnancy age 7-18 days with doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg BW, respectively.  Phytochemical analysis was performed quantitatively and qualitatively. On day 19, a caesarean section was performed to take the uterus, count the number of living foetus, dead foetus, disability, and other morphological abnormalities. No significant difference between all groups was observed. The abortifacient effect was not also observed in the uterus. Qualitative phytochemical analysis results showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, and tannins are identified in this extract. Quantitative steroids analysis results showed that the extract contained steroids of 1057.6 ppm. In conclusion, the M. oleifera Lam ethanolic leaves extract at dose of 30 mg/kg BW does not show any effect on the uterus of pregnant mice. Further study concerning the effects on other organs and hormones is recommended.


Keywords


Moringa Oleifera, Uterus, Teratogenik, Extract, Phytochemical

Full Text:

PDF


References



1.Dhakar RC , MauryaSD, Pooniya BK, Bairwa N, Gupta MS. Moringa : The herbal gold to combat malnutrition. Chronicles Young Sci 2011; 2(3): 119-25.
https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.90887
2.Padayachee B, Baijnath H. An updated comprehensive review of the medicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. South African J Bot 2020; 129:304-16.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.08.021
3.Mun’im A, Puteri MU, Sari SP, Azizahwati. Antianemia effect of standardized extract of Moringa oleifera lamk. leaves on aniline induced rats. Pharmacogn J 2016; 8(3):255-8.
https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2016.3.14
4.Zakaria Z, Hadju V, As S, Bahar B. The effect of moringa leaf extract in breastfeeding mothers against anemia status and breast milk iron content. Int J Sci Basic Appl Res 2015; 24(1):321-9.
5.Zongo U, Savadogo B, Zoungrana SL, Sanou D, Savadogo A, Dicko MH, et al. Effect of moringa leaves powder consumption on young children nutritional and serum retinol status in Burkina Faso rural area. Int J Nutr Food Sci 2018; 7(4):148-54.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180704.16
Balamurugan S, Vijayakumar S, PrabhuS, Yobesh JEM. Traditional plants used for the treatment of gynaecological disorders in Vedaranyam taluk, South India - An ethnomedicinal survey. J Tradit Chinese Med Sci 2018; 8(2):308-23.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.06.009
7.Onyewuchi CB, Aprioku JS, Siminialayi IM. Evaluation of the effect of ethanol bark extract of Moringa oleifera on reproductive biology of non-pregnant Wistar albino rats. J Complement Altern Med Res 2018; 5(2):1-7.
8.Agrawal SS, Vishal D, Sumeet G, Shekhar C, Ashish N, Parul D, et al. Antifertility activity of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. in female Wistar rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018; 80(3):565-70.
Fonseca BM, Correia da Silva G, Teixeira NA. The rat as an animal model for fetoplacental development: A reappraisal of the post-implantation period. Reprod. Biol 2012; 12(2):97-118.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1642-431x(12)60080-1
10.Klaassen C. Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. Vol. 7th edition, McGraw-Hill. 2008. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0726/2007015656-b.html
11.Obediah GA, Paago G. Effects of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves on the reproductive system of female albino rats. SOJ Biochem. 2018; 4(1):1-8.
https://doi.org/10.15226/2376-4589/4/1/00131
Attah AF, Moody JO, Sonibare MA, Salahdeen HH, Akindele OO, Nnamani PO, et al. Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaf used in Nigerian ethnomedicine alters conception and some pregnancy outcomes in Wistar rat. South African J Bot 2020; 129:255-62.
13.Sethi N, Nath D, Shukla SC, Dyal R. Abortifacient activity of a medical plant Moringa oleifera in rats. Ancient Sci Life 1988; 7(3-4): 172-4.
14.Zade V, Dabhadkar DK. Abortifacient efficacy of Moringa oleifera stem bark on female albino rats. World J Pharm Res 2014; 3(3):4666-79.
15.Annongu AA, Karim O, Toye A, Sola-ojo F, Kayode R, Badmos A, et al. Geo-assessment of chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of moringa oleifera seeds in nutrition of broilers. J Agric Sci 2014; 6(4).
https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n4p119
Maizuwo AI, Hassan AS, Momoh H, Muhammad JA. Phytochemical constituents, biological activities, therapeutic potentials and nutritional values of Moringa oleifera (Zogale): a review. J Drug Des Med Chem 2017; 3(4):60–6.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20170304.12
Dutta AK (2017) Moringa oleifera: a review on its importance and medicinal applications in recent age. World J Pharm Sci 2017; 6:1829–43.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-020-00468-0
18.Ufelle SA, Onyekwelu KC, Achukwu PU, Ezeh CO, Ghasi S. Haematological effects of leaf extract of moringa oleifera lam in normal and myelo-suppressed wistar rats. Afr J Biomed Res 2018; 21:87-90.
19.Asare AG, Gyan B, Bugyei K, Adjei S, Mahama R, Addo P, et al. Toxicity potentials of the nutraceutical Moringa oleifera at supra-supplementation levels. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139(1):265-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.009
20.Meireles D, Gomes J, Lopes L, Hinzmann M, Machado J. A review of properties, nutritional and pharmaceutical applications of Moringa oleifera: integrative approach on conventional and traditional Asian medicine. Adv Tradit Med 2020; 20(4):495-515.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-020-00468-0
21.Mbikay M. Therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera leaves in chronic hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia: a review. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:24.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2012.00024
22.Singh AK, Rana HK, Tshabalala T, Kumar R, Gupta A, Ndhlala AR, et al. Phytochemical, nutraceutical and pharmacological attributes of a functional crop Moringa oleifera Lam: an overview. South African J Bot 2020; 129:209-20.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.017




DOI: https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005304202102

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1569 | views : 1734


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Desy Armalina, Neni Susilaningsih, Indah Saraswati, Eva Annisa

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.