The management of childhood drowning in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia: a case report

https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005302202111

Dyah Kanya Wati(1*), I Gde Doddy Kurnia Indrawan(2), Nyoman Gina Henny Kristianti(3), Felicia Anita Wijaya(4), Desak Made Widiastiti Arga(5), Arya Krisna Manggala(6)

(1) Department of Child Health, School of Medicine Udayana University, Sanglah Denpasar Hospital, Denpasar, Bali
(2) Department of Child Health, Wangaya General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
(3) Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
(4) Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
(5) Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
(6) Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that drowning becomes the third leading cause of death from unintentional injury. Furthermore it was reported more than 372,000 cases of death annually among children due to drowning accident. Inappropriate of resuscitation attempt, delay in early management, inappropriate monitoring and evaluation lead to drowning complications riks even death. However, studies concerning the management of childhood drowning in Indonesia is limited. Here, we reported a case of childhood drowning in Sanglah General Hospital in Denpasar, Bali. An 8 years old girl arrived at the hospital with deterioration of consciousness after found drowning in the swimming pool. The management of the case was performed according to the recent literature guidelines. The first attempt was performed by resuscitation, followed by pharmacological interventions using corticosteroids, non-invasive ventilation and series of laboratory examination. With regular follow up, patient showed good recovery and prognosis.


Keywords


acute respiratory distress syndrome; drowning; management; non-invasive ventilation; resuscitation;

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. van Beeck EF, Branche CM, Szpilman D, Modell JH, Bierens JJLM. A new definition of drowning: towards documentation and prevention of a global public health problem. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83(11):853-6.
  2. World Health Organization. Global report on drowning: preventing a leading killer. WHO Library Cataloguing. 2014.
  3. World Health Organization. Drowning [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2020 [cited 2020 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drowning
  4. World Health Organization. Global Report on Drowning: Keyfact [Internet]. Geneva; 2014. Available from: https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/global_report_drowning/WHO_Infographic_A4_1PAGE_ToWeb_REV1.pdf?ua=1
  5. Zuckerbraun NS, Saladino RA. Pediatric drowning: Current management strategies for immediate care. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine 2005; 6:49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpem.2004.12.001
  6. Parenteau M, Stockinger Z, Hughes S, Hickey B, Mucciarone J, Manganello C, et al. Drowning management. Mil Med 2018; 183(suppl 2):172-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy136
  7. Meyer RJ, Theodorou AA, Berg RA. Childhood drowning. Pediatr Rev 2006; 27(5):163-8. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.27-5-163
  8. Fedor KL. Noninvasive respiratory support in infants and children. Respir Care 2017; 62(6):699-717. https://doi.org10.4187/respcare.05244
  9. Çağlar A, Er A, Özden Ö, Karaarslan U, Akgul F, Köroğlu TF. Efficacy of early noninvasive ventilation in three cases of nonfatal drowning with pulmonary oedema in the paediatric emergency department. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016; 23(2):42-6.
  10. Ender PT, Dolan MJ. Pneumonia associated with near-drowning. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25(4):896-907. https://10.1086/515532
  11. Jan MM. Pediatric near-drowning and drowning. Saudi Med J 2013; 34(2):119-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2015.12.019
  12. Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Hawkins SC, Arastu AS, Cushing TA, Auerbach PS. Wilderness medical society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of drowning. Wilderness Environ Med 2016; 27(2):236-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2015.12.019
  13. Foex BA. Corticosteroids in the management of near-drowning. Emergency Medicine Journal 2001; 18(6):465-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.18.6.465. 2001;465-6
  14. Suominen PK, Vähätalo R. Neurologic long term outcome after drowning in children. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2012; 20:55. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-7241-20-55
  15. Queensland Emergency Care Children Working Group. Drowning - Emergency management in children. Queensland 2019; 1-11.
  16. Semple-Hess J, Campwala R. Pediatric submersion injuries: emergency care and resuscitation. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 2014; 11(6):1-21.
  17. Kieboom JK, Verkade HJ, Burgerhof JG, Bierens JJ, Van Rheenen PF, Kneyber MC, et al. Outcome after resuscitation beyond 30 minutes in drowned children with cardiac arrest and hypothermia: Dutch nationwide retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2015; 350:418. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h418
  18. Austin S, Macintosh I. Management of drowning in children. Paediatrics and Child Health 2013; 23:397-401.
  19. Denny SA, Quan L, Gilchrist J, McCallin T, Shenoi R, Yusuf S, et al. Prevention of Drowning. Pediatrics 2019; 143(5):e20190850. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0850



DOI: https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005302202111

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1934 | views : 4595


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Dyah Kanya Wati, I Gde Doddy Kurnia Indrawan, Nyoman Gina Henny Kristianti, Felicia Anita Wijaya, Desak Made Widiastiti Arga, Arya Krisna Manggala

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.