Antibiotic effectiveness on biofilm-producing Escherichia coli isolated from catheterized patients

https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005403202202

Wani D Gunardi(1*), Ade Dharmawan(2), Nicolas Layanto(3)

(1) Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
(2) Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
(3) Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Biofilm is one of the factors that facilitate the occurrence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Escherichia coli is reported as one of the most dominant bacteria that have virulence factors including biofilm formation. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) shows increasing resistance to several antibiotics. Examination of the antibiotic sensitivity on the biofilm-producing E. coli and its activity on biofilm formation are important for selecting high effectiveness antibiotics which is beneficial for the management of CAUTI patients. A total of 35 E. coli isolates were recultured in the medium of LB agar and blood agar. The isolates were evaluated the sensitivity based on their MIC value to several antibiotics. In addition, the antibiofilm activity of the antibiotics based on their MBIC value was also evaluated. The data obtained were analyzed both descriptively and analytically. Almost the E. coli isolates have good sensitivity to meropenem antibiotics, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and Fosfomycin. However, among the evaluated antibiotics, only fosfomycin that showed antibiofilm activity. The different in terms of the resistance phenotype between the urinary isolates and the catheter isolates was observed. However, there were no significantly differences in the MIC value (pMIC=0.522) and the MBIC value (pMBIC = 0.523). In conclusion, the alternatives of antibiotic therapy for the planktonic bacteria are amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and fosfomycin, while for the biofilm bacteria is fosfomycin. A biofilm screening examination on the catheter to improve the effectiveness of therapy management for CAUTI patients is recommended.


Keywords


antibiotics; biofilm; CAUTI; resistance; planktonic

Full Text:

PDF


References

Saint S, Chenoweth CE. Biofilms and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2003; 17(2):411-32.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(03)00011-4
2.Foxman B. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs. Am J Med 2002; 113(Suppl 1A):5-13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01054-9
3.Gunardi WD, Karuniawati A, Umbas R, Bardosono S, Lydia A, Soebandrio A, et al. Biofilm-producing bacteria and risk factors (gender and duration of catheterization) characterized as catheter-associated biofilm formation. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:8869275.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8869275
4.Nair BT, Bhat KG, Shantaram M. In vitro biofilm production and virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2013; 4(1):951-6.
5.Bhatt CP, Shrestha B, Khadka S, Swar S, Shah B, Pun K. Etiology of urinary tract infection and drug resistance cases of uropathogenes. J Kathmandu Med Coll 2012; 1(2):114-20.
https://doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v1i2.8150
6.Soto SM. Importance of biofilms in urinary tract infections: new therapeutic approaches. Adv Biol 2014; 2014: 543974
https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/543974
7.Amalaradjou MAR, Venkitanarayanan K. Role of bacterial biofilms in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and strategies for their control. Recent Advances in the Field of Urinary Tract Infections 2013; 10:1-32.
https://doi.org/10.5772/55200
8.Johnson JR. Virulence factors in Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 1991; 4(1):80-128.
https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.4.1.80
9.Sahm DF, Thornsberry C, Mayfield DC, Jones ME, Karlowsky JA. Multidrug-resistant urinary tract isolates of Escherichia coli: prevalence and patient demographics in the United States in 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45(5):1402-6.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.45.5.1402-1406.2001
10.Lewis K. Riddle of biofilm resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45(4):999-1007.
https://doi.org/ 10.1128/AAC.45.4.999-1007.2001
11.Nicolle LE. Catheter associated urinary tract infections. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2014; 3:23.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-3-23
12.Anil C, Shahid RM. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates at a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013; 6(7):235-8.
13.Vuotto C, Longo F, Balice MP, Donelli G, Varaldo PE. Antibiotic resistance related to biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pathogens 2014; 3(3):743-58.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens3030743
14.Hola V, Ruzicka F. The formation of poly-microbial biofilms on urinary catheters. Urinary tract infections InTech 2011; 153-72.
https://doi.org/10.5772/22680
15.Weinstein MP, Patel JB, Campeau S, Eliopoulos GM, Galas MF, Humphries RM, et al. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibilityu testing. M100 28th eds, CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087 USA: 2018.
16.Neupane S, Pant ND, Khatiwada S, Chaudhary R, Banjara MR. Correlation between biofilm formation and resistance toward different commonly used antibiotics along with extended spectrum beta lactamase production in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from the patients suspected of urinary tract infections visiting Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2016; 5:5.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-0104-9
17.Park CH, Robicsek A, Jacoby GA, Sahm D, Hooper DC. Prevalence in the United States of aac (6′)-Ib-cr encoding a ciprofloxacin-modifying enzyme. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50(11):3953-5.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00915-06
18.Tajbakhsh E, Ahmadi P, Abedpour-Dehkordi E, Arbab-Soleimani N, Khamesipour F. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility, serogroups and virulence genes of uropathogenic E. coli isolated from clinical samples in Iran. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2016; 5:11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-0109-4
19.Raya S, Belbase A, Dhakal L, Govinda Prajapati K, Baidya R, Bimali NK. In vitro biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:1474578.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1474578
20.Kobir M, Asma A, Farahnaaz F, Sunjukta A. Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm producing pathogenic bacteria associated with UTI. Int J Drug Dev Res 2013; 5(4):312-9.
21.Cho HH, Kwon KC, Kim S, Park Y, Koo SH. Association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2018; 48(3):363-8.
22.Ponce-de-Leon A, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Morfín-Otero R, Cornejo-Juárez DP, Tinoco JC, Martínez-Gamboa A, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli isolated from intra-abdominal and urinary-tract infections in Mexico from 2009 to 2015: Results from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). PLoS One 2018; 13(6):e0198621.
https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0198621
23.González MJ, Robino L, Iribarnegaray V, Zunino P, Scavone P. Effect of different antibiotics on biofilm produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from children with urinary tract infection. Pathog Disease 2017; 75(4).
https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftx053
24.Zdzieblo M, Andrzejczuk S, Chudzik-Rzad B, Juda M, Malm A. Fosfomycin as an alternative therapeutic option for treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. J Pre Clin Clin Res 2014; 8(2):51-4.
https://doi.org/10.26444/jpccr/71467
25.Lebeaux D, Ghigo JM, Beloin C. Biofilm-related infections: bridging the gap between clinical management and fundamental aspects of recalcitrance toward antibiotics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2014; 78(3):510-43.
https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00013-14
26.Parrino B, Carbone D, Cirrincione G, Diana P, Cascioferro S. Inhibitors of antibiotic resistance mechanisms: clinical applications and future perspectives. Future Med Chem 2019; 12(5):357-9.
https://doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2019-0326
27.Gunardi WD, Timotius KH, Natasha A, Evriarti PR. Biofilm targeting strategy in the eradication of infections: A Mini-Review. Open Microbiol J 2021; 15(1):51-7.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285802115010051
28.Yasir M, Willcox MDP, Dutta D. Action of antimicrobial peptides against bacterial biofilms. Materials 2018; 11(12):2468.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122468



DOI: https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005403202202

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1285 | views : 976


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Wani D Gunardi, Ade Dharmawan, Nicolas Layanto

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.