Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)-( E )- N ’-(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide Complexes: Design, Characterization, ADME Study, and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity

Yusuf Syahril Alam; Nuraini Fitria; Amelia Bella Putri Adama; Shava Alifia Salsabilla; Shinta Ratna Duhita; Mardi Santoso; Fahimah Martak

doi:10.22146/ijc.102090

Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)-(E)-N’-(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide Complexes: Design, Characterization, ADME Study, and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.102090

Yusuf Syahril Alam⁽¹⁾, Nuraini Fitria⁽²⁾, Amelia Bella Putri Adama⁽³⁾, Shava Alifia Salsabilla⁽⁴⁾, Shinta Ratna Duhita⁽⁵⁾, Mardi Santoso⁽⁶⁾, Fahimah Martak^(7*)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
(5) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
(6) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
(7) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Four new hydrazone complexes were successfully synthesized from Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal ions with the ligand (E)-N’-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide. Structural elucidation was performed using CHNSO elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-vis, thermal analysis, and powder XRD. The FTIR spectra indicated the presence of coordination bonds in the form of M–N and M–O. The UV-vis spectrophotometer showed LMCT transitions. TGA characterization revealed that the Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complex compounds have an M:L ratio of 1:1, whereas the Zn(II) complex compound has an M:L ratio of 1:2. These findings were corroborated by the refinement results of the experimental and standard XRD diffractogram. Accordingly, the formulas of the Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) hydrazone complexes are [Co(L)(Cl)(H₂O)], [Ni(L)(H₂O)₂]Cl₂, [Cu(L)(H₂O)]Cl, and [Zn(L)₂], respectively. Furthermore, based on the determined M:L ratios, the Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes are inferred to possess square planar geometries, while the Zn(II) complex is suggested to be octahedral. The ADME study, aimed at assessing their potential as drug candidates, revealed various pharmacological characteristics of the compounds. Antibacterial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus (G+) and Escherichia coli (G−) showed the Cu(II) complex with the highest activity.

Keywords

antibacterial; complexes; (E)-N’-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide; hydrazone; ligand

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.102090