A Simple and Fast Method for the Determination of Lead(II) Ions in Some Cosmetic Products Through Spectrophotometric Technique by Using Thiosemicarbazone-Linked Substituted Indole-2-one

Sulafa Nassar; Gharam Ibrahim Mohammed; Thoraya Abdelreheem Farghaly

doi:10.22146/ijc.111616

A Simple and Fast Method for the Determination of Lead(II) Ions in Some Cosmetic Products Through Spectrophotometric Technique by Using Thiosemicarbazone-Linked Substituted Indole-2-one

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.111616

Sulafa Nassar⁽¹⁾, Gharam Ibrahim Mohammed^(2*), Thoraya Abdelreheem Farghaly⁽³⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

We aimed to develop a simple, fast, and inexpensive colorimetric approach for detecting lead(II) ions in solution by forming a complex with 1-(1-benzyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide. A detailed description of spectrophotometric lead(II) determination is provided. When combined with the N-benzyl-isatin-thiosemicarbazone ligand (L) in a slightly acidic solution (pH 12), lead(II) produces a yellow chelate. The molar absorptivity of the complex at 253 nm (λ_max) is 1.9 × 10³ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹, and the quantification limit is 2.28 µg mL⁻¹ (11 µM), whereas the detection limit is 0.73 µg mL⁻¹ (3.5 µM). The concentration range when Beer's law is observed is from 9.7 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.9 × 10⁻⁴ M. We studied the structure and stoichiometry of the Pb(II) and L complex in solution through the synthesis of the solid complex (PbL) and proved using the analytical techniques such as FTIR, NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, and thermal analysis. Lead(II) recovery percentages in lipstick samples were determined using the developed method, with results ranging from 88.1 ± 1.9 to 117.3 ± 1.1%. The high lead(II) recovery rate from the samples indicates the effectiveness of the developed method and its potential use for accurate measurement and quality assessment of lead(II) in various samples.

Keywords

chemosensor; isatin-thiosemicarbazone ligand; Pb(II); UV-vis spectrum; spectrophotometric technique

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.111616