Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Glass from Rice Husk Ash and Chicken Eggshell Modified with ZnO Nanoparticles

Nuryono Nuryono; Intan Khairina Ramadhani; I Gusti Ayu Putu Aura Kanyaka; Fajar Inggit Pambudi; Indriana Kartini; Mariyam Mariyam

doi:10.22146/ijc.113255

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Glass from Rice Husk Ash and Chicken Eggshell Modified with ZnO Nanoparticles

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.113255

Nuryono Nuryono^(1*), Intan Khairina Ramadhani⁽²⁾, I Gusti Ayu Putu Aura Kanyaka⁽³⁾, Fajar Inggit Pambudi⁽⁴⁾, Indriana Kartini⁽⁵⁾, Mariyam Mariyam⁽⁶⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(5) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(6) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

This study aimed to modify bioactive glass (BG) with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), to identify the microstructure and mechanical strength, and to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. BG was synthesized using sodium silicate derived from rice husk ash (RHA) and calcium oxide (CaO) obtained from chicken eggshells (CES). The BG precursors were prepared with the following composition (% w/w): 45 SiO₂ – 24.5 Na₂O – (24.5–x) CaO – 6 P₂O₅ – x ZnO (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7%). All precursors were mixed and aged at room temperature for 5 days, then dried and sintered at 1000 °C for 2 h. The results showed that structural characterization confirmed the formation of sodium calcium silicate phases. Incorporation of ZnO NPs into BG at 1–5% (w/w) reduced the crystallite size, while the compressive strength increased with an optimum at 3% (w/w) ZnO NPs. Furthermore, the addition of ZnO NPs decreased the solution pH after immersion and exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The research findings indicate that ZnO NPs-modified BG has potential for biomedical applications.

Keywords

antibacterial; bioactive glass; chicken eggshell; rice husk ash; ZnO nanoparticles

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.113255