* Corresponding Author
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus sabdariffa Flower Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and In Silico Approaches
https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.115308 Muthanna Chalawi Urabee(1*), Mohammed Ibrahim Sultan(2), Ahmed Haider Sadiq(3), Roaa Mohammed Kadim(4)
(1) Quality Assurance & Performance Evaluation Department, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14022, Palestine St., Baghdad 10001, Iraq
(2) Quality Assurance & Performance Evaluation Department, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14022, Palestine St., Baghdad 10001, Iraq
(3) Environmental Research Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Al-Sinaa St. 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
(4) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Palestine St., Baghdad 10001, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
A plant aqueous extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flowers was used to produce nickel oxide nanoparticles, which acted as stabilizing and reducing agents. UV-vis spectra, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and ZP were used for characterization. With particles averaging roughly 27.5 nm, the crystal structure was verified by XRD. Under the SEM, a spherical shape was discernible, signifying the formation of nanoparticles. The ability of nickel oxide nanoparticles to scavenge free radicals is noteworthy; they can reduce DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner up to a maximum inhibition of 73.5%. There was a significant antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp.), and the yeast Candida albicans. The GC–MS analysis of the flower extract found kaempferol, gossypetin, and delphinidin-3-sambubioside to be the most important bioactive compounds. Molecular docking studies showed that both phytochemicals and NiO-NPs bind strongly to important microbial enzymes. This suggests they work against multiple targets simultaneously. DFT calculations, on the other hand, helped us understand their electronic properties and how they react. These results suggest that NiO-NPs mediated by H. sabdariffa are a promising, eco-friendly nanomaterial for potential biomedical and antimicrobial applications.
Keywords
References
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.115308
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