SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES ON HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELL LINES

Nuraini Harmastuti; Rina Herowati; Dyah Susilowati; Harno Dwi Pranowo; Sofia Mubarika

doi:10.22146/ijc.21340

SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES ON HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELL LINES

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21340

Nuraini Harmastuti^(1*), Rina Herowati⁽²⁾, Dyah Susilowati⁽³⁾, Harno Dwi Pranowo⁽⁴⁾, Sofia Mubarika⁽⁵⁾

(1) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Setia Budi, Jl. Letjen Sutoyo, Surakarta 57127
(2) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Setia Budi, Jl. Letjen Sutoyo, Surakarta 57127
(3) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Setia Budi, Jl. Letjen Sutoyo, Surakarta 57127
(4) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281
(5) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogjakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Chalcone, an α,β-unsaturated ketone, has been shown have many biological activities such as anticancer and antifungi. This research was conducted to synthesize the chalcone derivatives and to obtain their cytotoxic activity on human cervix cancer cell lines. Synthesis of chalcone and its derivatives, 4^II-methylchalcone, 4^II-methoxychalcone, and 3^II,4^II-dichlorochalcone was carried out using starting materials of benzaldehide and acetofenon, p-methylacetophenone, p-methoxyacetophenone, as well as m,p-dichloroacetophenone through Claisen Schmidt condensation catalized by NaOH in ethanol at 15 °C. The purity of synthesized compounds were analyzed by thin layer chromatography, melting range, and gas chromatography. Structure elucidations were conducted by UV spectrophotometer, IR spectrometer, ¹H-NMR spectrometer, as well as mass spectrometer. Cytotoxic activities were determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) microculture tetrazolium viability assay. The results showed that chalcone and derivatives compounds have been able to be synthesized and purified and had the same structure as a predicted structure. Chalcone had highest cytotoxic activity compared to that of its derivatives, with the IC₅₀ values of chalcone, 4^II-methylchalcone, 4^II-methoxychalcone, and 3^II,4^II-dichlorochalcone were 9.49, 14.79, 11.48, and 24.26 µg/mL respectively. It was concluded that methyl, methoxy as well as chlorine substitution at 3^II and 4^II position decrease the cytotoxic activity of chalcone.

Keywords

chalcone derivatives; synthesis; MTT; cytotoxic; HeLa cell lines

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21340