Hydrocracking of Coconut Oil over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 Catalyst to Produce Hydrocarbon Biofuel

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.33590

Muhammad Al-Muttaqii(1*), Firman Kurniawansyah(2), Danawati Hari Prajitno(3), Achmad Roesyadi(4)

(1) Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Jl. Raya ITS, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(2) Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Jl. Raya ITS, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(3) Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Jl. Raya ITS, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(4) Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Jl. Raya ITS, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This present study was aimed to investigate the hydrocracking of coconut oil using Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst in a batch reactor at three reaction temperatures (350, 375, and 400 °C). The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by using incipient wetness impregnation. The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was characterized using XRD, BET, and SEM-EDX. From XRD results, the loading of Ni and Fe did not change the crystalline structure of HZSM-5 catalyst. The surface area of HZSM-5 was 425 m2/g and decreased after the addition of metals (Ni and Fe) into HZSM-5 support. These changes implied that Ni and Fe particles were successfully dispersed on the HZSM-5 surface and incorporated into HZSM-5 pore. The product of hydrocarbon biofuel was analyzed using GC-MS. The GC-MS results of hydrocarbon biofuel showed the highest compounds for n-paraffin and yield for gasoil was 39.24 and 18.4% at a temperature of 400 °C, respectively. The reaction temperature affected the yield and the composition of hydrocarbon biofuel. At this reaction temperature condition, decarboxylation and decarbonylation were favored; lead to the formation of n-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms chain length.

Keywords


hydrocracking; coconut oil; Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst; n-paraffin; gasoil

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Saraçoğlu, E., Uzun, B.B., and Apaydın-Varol, E., 2017, Upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil over Fe modified ZSM-5 catalyst to enhance the formation of phenolic compounds, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 42 (33), 21476–21486.

[2] Mohammad, M., Hari, T.K., Yaakob, Z., Sharma, Y.C., and Sopian, K., 2013, Overview on the production of paraffin based-biofuels via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 22, 121–132.

[3] Stefanidis, S.D., Kalogiannis, K.G., Iliopoulou, E.F., Lappas, A.A., and Pilavachi, P.A., 2011, In-situ upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors: catalyst screening on a fixed bed reactor, Bioresour. Technol., 102 (17), 8261–8267.

[4] Ketaren, S., 1985, Introduction to Essential Oils Technology, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 142–143.

[5] Wu, X., and Leung, D.Y.C., 2011, Optimization of biodiesel production from camelina oil using orthogonal experiment, Appl. Energy, 88 (11), 3615–3624.

[6] Zhao, X., Wei, L., Cheng, S., Kadis, E., Cao, Y., Boakye, E., Gu, Z., and Julson, J., 2016, Hydroprocessing of carinata oil for hydrocarbon biofuel over Mo-Zn/Al2O3, Appl. Catal., B, 196, 41–49.

[7] Park, H.J., Heo, H.S., Jeon, J.K., Kim, J., Ryoo, R., Jeong, K.E., and Park, Y.K., 2010, Highly valuable chemicals production from catalytic upgrading of radiata pine sawdust-derived pyrolytic vapors over mesoporous MFI zeolites, Appl. Catal., B, 95 (3-4), 365–373.

[8] Kimura, T., Imai, H., Li, X., Sakashita, K., Asaoka, S., and Al-Khattaf, S.S., 2013, Hydroconversion of triglycerides to hydrocarbons over Mo-Ni/Y-Al2O3 catalyst under low hydrogen pressure, Catal. Lett., 143 (11), 1175–1181.

[9] Al-Muttaqii, M., Marlinda, L., Roesyadi, A., and Danawati, H.P., 2017, Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst for hydrocracking of Sunan candlenut oil (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) airy shaw) for production of biofuel, J. Pure Appl. Chem. Res., 6 (2), 84–92.

[10] Marlinda, L., Al-Muttaqii, M., Gunardi, I., Roesyadi, A., Danawati, H.P., 2017, Hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil with CoNi/HZSM-5 as double promoted catalyst, BCREC, 12 (2), 167–184.

[11] Vichaphund, S., Aht-ong, D., Sricharoenchaikul, V., and Atong, D., 2014, Catalytic upgrading pyrolysis vapors of Jatropha waste using metal promoted ZSM-5 catalysts: An analytical PY-GC/MS, Renewable Energy, 65, 70–77.

[12] Weisz, P.B., Haag, W.O., and Rodewald, P.G., 1979, Catalytic production of high-grade fuel (gasoline) from biomass compounds by shape-selective catalysis, Science, 206 (4414), 57–58.

[13] Buzetzki, E., Sidorová, K., Cvengrošová, Z., and Cvengroš, J., 2011, Effects of oil type on products obtained by cracking of oils and fats, Fuel Process. Technol., 92 (10), 2041–2047.

[14] Chung, K.H., and Park, B.G., 2009, Esterification of oleic acid in soybean oil on zeolite catalysts with different acidity, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 15 (3), 388–392.

[15] Iliopoulou, E.F., Stefanidis, S.D., Kalogiannis, K.G., Delimitis, A., Lappas, A.A., and Triantafyllidis, K.S., 2012, Catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors using transition metal-modified ZSM-5 zeolite, Appl. Catal., B, 127, 281–290.

[16] Doronin, V.P., Potapenko, O.V., Lipin, P.V., Sorokina, T.P., and Buluchevskaya, L.A., 2012, Catalytic cracking of vegetable oils for production of high-octane gasoline and petrochemical feedstock, Pet. Chem., 52 (6), 392–400.

[17] Vichaphund, S., Aht-ong, D., Sricharoenchaikul, V., and Atong, D., 2015, Production of aromatic compounds from catalytic fast pyrolysis of Jatropha residues using metal/HZSM-5 prepared by ion-exchange and impregnation methods, Renewable Energy, 79, 28–37.

[18] Muenpol, S., Yuwapornpanit, R., and Jitkarnka, S., 2015, Valuable petrochemicals, petroleum fractions, and sulfur compounds in oils derived from waste tire pyrolysis using five commercial zeolites as catalysts: Impact of zeolite properties, Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 17 (5), 1149–1159.

[19] Zhao, C., Lercher, J.A., 2012, Upgrading pyrolysis oil over Ni/HZSM-5 by cascade reactions, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51 (24), 5935–5940.

[20] Valle, B., Gayubo, A.G., Aguayo, A.T., Olazar, M., and Bilbao, J, 2010, Selective production of aromatics by crude bio-oil valorization with a nickel-modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, Energy Fuels, 24 (3), 2060–2070.

[21] Shafaghat, H., Rezaei, P.S., and Daud, W.M.A.W., 2016, Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of simulated phenolic bio-oil to cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons over bifunctional metal/acid catalysts of Ni/HBeta, Fe/HBeta and NiFe/Hbeta, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 35, 268–276.

[22] Leng, S., Wang, X., He, X., Liu, L., Liu, Y., Zhong, X., Zhuang, G., and Wang, J.G, 2013, NiFe/Y-Al2O3: A universal catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and its model compounds, Catal. Commun., 41, 34–37.

[23] Szostak, R., 1998, Molecular Sieves. Principles of Synthesis and Identification, 2nd ed., Blacklie Academic & Professional, London, 208–244.

[24] Zhao, X., Wei, L., Julson, J., Gu, Z., and Cao, Y., 2015, Catalytic cracking of inedible camelina oils to hydrocarbon fuels over bifunctional Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32 (8), 1528–1541.

[25] Mirzayanti, Y.W., Kurniawansyah, F., Prajitno, D.H., and Roesyadi, A., 2018, Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for gasoil range hydrocarbon production by catalytic hydrocracking of Ceiba pentandra oil, BCREC, 13 (1), 136–143.

[26] Šimáček, P., Kubička, D., Kubičková, I., Homola, F., Pospíšil, M., and Chudoba, J., 2011, Premium quality renewable diesel fuel by hydroprocessing of sunflower oil, Fuel, 90, 2473–2479.

[27] Prajitno, D.H., Roesyadi, A., Al-Muttaqii, M., and Marlinda, L., 2017, Hydrocracking of non-edible vegetable oils with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst to gasoil containing aromatics, BCREC, 12 (3), 318–328.

[28] Meher, L.C., Vidya Sagar, D., and Naik, S.N., 2006, Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification–A review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 10 (3), 248–268.

[29] Xu, J., Jiang, J., Sun, Y., and Chen, J., 2010, Production of hydrocarbon fuels from pyrolysis of soybean oils using a basic catalyst, Bioresour. Technol., 101 (24), 9803–9806.

[30] Veriansyah, B., Han, J.Y., Kim, S.K., Hong, S.A., Kim, Y.J., Lim, J.S., Shu, Y.W., Oh, S.G., and Kim, J., 2012, Production of renewable diesel by hydroprocessing of soybean oil: Effect of catalysts, Fuel, 94, 578–585.

[31] Simakova, I., Rozmysłowicz, B., Simakova, O., Mäki-Arvela, P., Simakov, A., and Murzin, D.Y., 2011, Catalytic deoxygenation of C18 fatty acids over mesoporous Pd/C catalyst for synthesis of biofuels, Top. Catal., 54 (8-9), 460–466.

[32] Sotelo-Boyás, R., Liu, Y., and Minowa, T., 2011, Renewable diesel production from the hydrotreating of rapeseed oil with Pt/Zeolite and NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50 (5), 2791–2799.

[33] Liu, Y., Sotelo-Boyas, R., Murata, K., Minowa, T., and Sakanishi, K., 2011, Hydrotreatment of vegetable oils to produce bio-hydrogenated diesel and liquefied petroleum gas fuel over catalysts containing sulfided Ni-Mo and solid acids, Energy Fuels, 25 (10), 4675–4685.

[34] Mo, N., and Savage, P.E., 2014, Hydrothermal catalytic cracking of fatty acids with HZSM-5, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2 (1), 88–94.

[35] Kim, S.K., Brand, S., Lee, H., Kim, Y., and Kim, J., 2013, Production of renewable diesel by hydrotreatment of soybean oil: Effect of reaction parameters, Chem. Eng. J., 228, 114–123.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.33590

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5592 | views : 4265


Copyright (c) 2019 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 


Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web
Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.