Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Cockle Shells-Treated Banana Pith: Optimization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

Rosalyza Hasan; Wong Jie Ying; Chong Chi Cheng; Nur Farhana Jaafar; Rohayu Jusoh; Aishah Abdul Jalil; Herma Dina Setiabudi

doi:10.22146/ijc.42822

Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Cockle Shells-Treated Banana Pith: Optimization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.42822

Rosalyza Hasan⁽¹⁾, Wong Jie Ying⁽²⁾, Chong Chi Cheng⁽³⁾, Nur Farhana Jaafar⁽⁴⁾, Rohayu Jusoh⁽⁵⁾, Aishah Abdul Jalil⁽⁶⁾, Herma Dina Setiabudi^(7*)

(1) Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(2) Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(3) Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(4) School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
(5) Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(6) School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
(7) Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Two low-cost wastes, banana pith (BP) and cockle shells (CS) were explored towards methylene blue (MB) removal. The performance of cockle shells-treated banana pith (CS-BP) in MB removal was compared with untreated BP and commercially Ca(OH)₂-treated BP (Ca(OH)₂-BP). The adsorption efficacy was following the order of BP < CS-BP < Ca(OH)₂-BP, indicating the positive role of alkaline treatment towards MB removal and great potential of CS as a low-cost activation material. The optimization of MB removal onto CS-BP was executed by response surface methodology (RSM) with three independent variables (adsorbent dosage (X₁), initial pH (X₂) and initial MB concentration (X₃)), and the optimal condition was achieved at X₁ = 1.17 g/L, X₂ = pH 7 and X₃ = 214 mg/L, with 87.32% of predicted MB removal. The experimental data well-fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R² > 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.999) models, demonstrating the chemisorption and naturally homogeneous process. Thermodynamics study discovered that the MB removal by CS-BP is endothermic, feasible, spontaneous and randomness growth at a solid-solute interface. It is affirmed that CS could be employed as a low-cost activation material and CS-BP as a low-cost adsorbent.

Keywords

cockleshells; banana pith; methylene blue; low-cost adsorbent; alkaline treatment

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.42822