Effect of Physicochemical Process Variables on Natural Indigo Dye Production from  Strobilanthes cusia  Leaves by Response Surface Methodology

Edia Rahayuningsih; Wachid Siti Fatimah; Mukmin Sapto Pamungkas; Taranipa Marfitania

doi:10.22146/ijc.68335

Effect of Physicochemical Process Variables on Natural Indigo Dye Production from Strobilanthes cusia Leaves by Response Surface Methodology

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.68335

Edia Rahayuningsih^(1*), Wachid Siti Fatimah⁽²⁾, Mukmin Sapto Pamungkas⁽³⁾, Taranipa Marfitania⁽⁴⁾

(1) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia Indonesia Natural Dye Institute (INDI), Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(2) Indonesia Natural Dye Institute (INDI), Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia Indonesia Natural Dye Institute (INDI), Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(4) Indonesia Natural Dye Institute (INDI), Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The recovery process of indigoid compounds involves enzymatic hydrolysis of indigo precursors continued by oxidation reaction to synthesize indigo pigment. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of physicochemical process variables, i.e., temperature, time, and pH aeration, on indigo yield from Strobilanthes cusia leaves. Small leaf pieces were immersed in distilled water and heated at temperatures (40, 50, and 60 °C) and duration (1, 2, and 3 h). The extract was aerated at different pHs (8, 10, and 12) to form the indigo product. The indigo concentration was quantified through a visible spectrophotometer and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimized condition for indigo production was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). Temperature, time, and interaction between temperature and time significantly affected the indigo yield. The optimized conditions for extraction of indigo dyes were determined to be at 60 °C for 1 h and pH 8 for maximizing the indigo yield. On that condition, the indigo concentration quantified by HPLC was 1.15% (w/v) which was lower than that by the spectrophotometry. By spectrophotometric analysis, the actual indigo content of 1.68% (w/v) on that optimum condition was close to the predicted indigo content of 1.77% (w/v) using RSM.

Keywords

indigo; Strobilanthes cusia; temperature; time; pH; response surface methodology

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.68335