Low-Calorie Coal Liquefaction Products as an Alternative Fuel Oil

Yulfi Zetra; Anis Febriati; Dyah Nirmala; Rafwan Year Perry Burhan; Arizal Firmansyah; Zjahra Vianita Nugraheni

doi:10.22146/ijc.74584

Low-Calorie Coal Liquefaction Products as an Alternative Fuel Oil

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.74584

Yulfi Zetra^(1*), Anis Febriati⁽²⁾, Dyah Nirmala⁽³⁾, Rafwan Year Perry Burhan⁽⁴⁾, Arizal Firmansyah⁽⁵⁾, Zjahra Vianita Nugraheni⁽⁶⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia Politeknik Energi and Mineral Akamigas, Jl. Gajah Mada no 38, Cepu 58315, Indonesia
(5) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(6) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Liquefaction of low-rank coal has been done to optimize the utilization of low-rank coal, which is less economical for obtaining alternative fuel oil. Coal samples were taken from the Bukit Pinang coal mine, Samarinda Ulu, East Kalimantan. Coal was liquefied using the NEDOL procedure at PUSPITEK, Serpong, South Tangerang, Indonesia. This Bukit Pinang coal liquefaction produces five fractions consisting of Naphta, Light Oil (LO), Middle Oil (MO), Heavy Oil (HO), and Coal Liquid Bottom (CLB) fractions. The liquefaction yield was dominated by the HO and CLB fractions (> 50% by weight). The naphtha, MO and LO fractions were fractionated using SiO₂ GF₂₅₄ Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plate. It produced aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. Aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions were analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), while the aromatic hydrocarbon fractions were not analyzed. Mass spectrum studies showed that the components consisted of n-alkanes, isoalkanes (branched alkanes), cycloalkanes and alkyl cycloalkanes. The aliphatic hydrocarbon components resulting from the liquefaction of low-rank coal showed its equivalence with the components that make up fuel oil. Therefore, this coal liquefaction can be suggested as an optimization for low-rank coal, which is less economical.

Keywords

coal liquefaction; Naphtha; Light Oil (LO); Middle Oil (MO); aliphatic hydrocarbon

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.74584