Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherm of Crystal Violet by Carbon Modified with Magnetite (Fe3O4) and Triethoxyphenylsilane (TEPS) from Rubber Fruit Shell

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.76201

Nadya Syarifatul Fajriyah(1), Buhani Buhani(2*), Suharso Suharso(3)

(1) Postgraduate Student of Master Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Lampung, Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No 1, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung, Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung, Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Rubber fruit shells-derived carbon (RC) modified with magnetite (MRC) and triethoxyphenylsilane (TEPS) (SRC) made from rubber fruit shells were used to adsorb crystal violet (CV) dye effectively. The RC was successfully modified by magnetite and TEPS, according to the characterization of the adsorbent utilizing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) showed that the RC was successfully modified by magnetite and TEPS. Several adsorption process parameters were investigated, and the ideal results were obtained with an adsorbent dose of 0.1 g, pH 10, contact time of 15 min, and initial concentration of CV 250 mg L−1. The MRC and SRC adsorption capacities are 71.43 and 69.93 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model with MRC and SRC rate constants of 3.40 and 0.83 g mg−1 min−1, respectively. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is suitable for CV dye adsorption using MRC and SRC with KF values are 1.36 and 1.76 mg g−1 L mg−1 which gives R2 0.943 and 0.932, respectively. These findings showed that the modified RC with magnetite and TEPS effectively removes the CV dye solution through the adsorption process.

Keywords


magnetite rubber fruit shells-derived carbon; silane rubber fruit shells-derived carbon; adsorption; crystal violet; rubber fruit shells

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Yahaya Sanda, B., and Ibrahim, I., 2020, Causes, categories and control of water pollution, IJSES, 4 (9), 84–90.

[2] Foroutan, R., Peighambardoust, S.J., Aghdasinia, H., Mohammadi, R., and Ramavandi, B., 2020, Modification of bio-hydroxyapatite generated from waste poultry bone with MgO for purifying methyl violet-laden liquids, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 27 (35), 44218–44229.

[3] Peighambardoust, S.J., Aghamohammadi-Bavil, O., Foroutan, R., and Arsalani, N., 2020, Removal of malachite green using carboxymethyl cellulose-g-polyacrylamide/montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogel, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 159, 1122–1131.

[4] Pashaei-Fakhri, S., Peighambardoust, S.J., Foroutan, R., Arsalani, N., and Ramavandi, B., 2021, Crystal violet dye sorption over acrylamide/graphene oxide bonded sodium alginate nanocomposite hydrogel, Chemosphere, 270, 129419.

[5] Mittal, H., Al Alili, A., Morajkar, P.P., and Alhassan, S.M., 2021, Graphene oxide crosslinked hydrogel nanocomposites of xanthan gum for the adsorption of crystal violet dye, J. Mol. Liq., 323, 115034.

[6] Abdi, M., Balagabri, M., Karimi, H., Hossini, H., and Rastegar, S.O., 2020, Degradation of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions using ozone, peroxone, electroperoxone, and electrolysis processes: A comparison study, Appl. Water Sci., 10 (7), 168.

[7] Thuong, N.T., Nhi, N.T.T., Nhung, V.T.C., Bich, H.N., Quynh, B.T.P., Bach, L.G., and Nguyen, T.D., 2019, A fixed-bed column study for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solution by pre-treated durian peel waste, Indones. J. Chem., 19 (2), 486–494.

[8] Thattil, P.P., and Rose, A.L., 2020, Enhanced removal of crystal violet dye using zinc oxide nanorods and air oxidation under sunlight radiation, Rasayan J. Chem., 13 (2), 1166–1173.

[9] Shi, B., Li, G., Wang, D., Feng, C., and Tang, H., 2007, Removal of direct dyes by coagulation: The performance of preformed polymeric aluminum species, J. Hazard. Mater., 143 (1-2), 567–574.

[10] Liu, H., Zhang, J., Lu, M., Liang, L., Zhang, H., and Wei, J., 2020, Biosynthesis based membrane filtration coupled with iron nanoparticles reduction process in removal of dyes, Chem. Eng. J., 387, 124202.

[11] Wu, J., Gao, H., Yao, S., Chen, L., Gao, Y., and Zhang, H., 2015, Degradation of crystal violet by catalytic ozonation using Fe/activated carbon catalyst, Sep. Purif. Technol., 147, 179–185.

[12] Buhani, B., Suharso, S., Luziana, F., Rilyanti, M., and Sumadi, S., 2019, Production of adsorbent from activated carbon of palm oil shells coated by Fe3O4 particle to remove crystal violet in water, Desalin. Water Treat., 171, 281–293.

[13] Permatasari, D., Buhani, B., Rilyanti, M., and Suharso, S., 2021, Adsorption kinetic and isotherm of solution pair of methylene blue and crystal violet by algae-silica-magnetite hybrid adsorbent on Porphyridium sp. algae, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1751, 012084.

[14] Fabryanty, R., Valencia, C., Soetaredjo, F.E., Putro, J.N., Santoso, S.P., Kurniawan, A., Ju, Y.H., and Ismadji, S., 2017, Removal of crystal violet dye by adsorption using bentonite – alginate composite, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5 (6), 5677–5687.

[15] Ahmad, R., 2009, Studies on adsorption of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution onto coniferous pinus bark powder (CPBP), J. Hazard. Mater., 171 (1-3), 767–773.

[16] Jayasantha Kumari, H., Krishnamoorthy, P., Arumugam, T.K., Radhakrishnan, S., and Vasudevan, D., 2017, An efficient removal of crystal violet dye from waste water by adsorption onto TLAC/Chitosan composite: A novel low cost adsorbent, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 96, 324–333.

[17] Li, H., Qi, H., Yin, M., Chen, Y., Deng, Q., and Wang, S., 2021, Carbon tubes from biomass with prominent adsorption performance for paraquat, Chemosphere, 262, 127797.

[18] Sebastian, A., Nangia, A., and Prasad, M.N.V., 2018, A green synthetic route to phenolics fabricated magnetite nanoparticles from coconut husk extract: Implications to treat metal contaminated water and heavy metal stress in Oryza sativa L., J. Cleaner Prod., 174, 355–366.

[19] Buhani, B., Hariyanti, F., Suharso, S., Rinawati, R., and Sumadi, S., 2019, Magnetized algae-silica hybrid from Porphyridium sp. biomass with Fe3O4 particle and its application as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution, Desalin. Water Treat., 142, 331–340.

[20] Singh, K.P., Gupta, S., Singh, A.K., and Sinha, S., 2011, Optimizing adsorption of crystal violet dye from water by magnetic nanocomposite using response surface modeling approach, J. Hazard. Mater., 186 (2-3), 1462–1473.

[21] Mohmood, I., Lopes, C.B., Lopes, I., Tavares, D.S., Soares, A.M.V.M., Duarte, A.C., Trindade, T., Ahmad, I., and Pereira, E., 2016, Remediation of mercury contaminated saltwater with functionalized silica coated magnetite nanoparticles, Sci. Total Environ., 557-558, 712–721.

[22] Buhani, B., Herasari, D., Suharso, S., and Yuwono, S.D., 2017, Correlation of ionic imprinting cavity sites on the amino-silica hybrid adsorbent with adsorption rate and capacity of Cd2+ ion in solution, Orient. J. Chem., 33 (1), 418–429.

[23] Zulaicha, A.S., Buhani, B., and Suharso, S., 2021, Modification of activated carbon from Elaeis guineensis Jacq shell with magnetite (Fe3O4) particles and study adsorption-desorption on Ni(II) ions in solution, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1751, 012086.

[24] Wong, K.T., Yoon, Y., Snyder, S.A., and Jang, M., 2016, Phenyl-functionalized magnetic palm-based powdered activated carbon for the effective removal of selected pharmaceutical and endocrine-disruptive compounds, Chemosphere, 152, 71–80.

[25] Kausar, R.A., Buhani, B., and Suharso, S., 2020, Methylene blue adsorption isotherm on Spirulina sp. microalgae biomass coated by silica-magnetite, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 857, 012019.

[26] Buhani, B., Suharso, S., Rilyanti, M., Sari, M., and Sumadi, S., 2021, Removal of Cd(II) ions in solution by activated carbon from palm oil shells modified with magnetite, Desalin. Water Treat., 218, 352–362.

[27] Buhani, B., Suharso, S., Miftahza, N., Permatasari, D., and Sumadi, S., 2021, Improved adsorption capacity of Nannochloropsis sp. through modification with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the removal of methyl orange in solution, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 2021, 1641074.

[28] Yamaura, M., Camilo, R.L., Sampaio, L.C., Macêdo, M.A., Nakamura, M., and Toma, H.E., 2004, Preparation and characterization of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-coated magnetite nanoparticles, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 279 (2-3), 210–217.

[29] Dalali, N., Habibizadeh, M., Rostamizadeh, K., and Nakisa, S., 2014, Synthesis of magnetite multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite and its application for removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions, Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng., 9 (4), 552–561.

[30] Romanos, J., Beckner, M., Stalla, D., Tekeei, A., Suppes, G., Jalisatgi, S., Lee, M., Hawthorne, F., Robertson, J.D., Firlej, L., Kuchta, B., Wexler, C., Yu, P., and Pfeifer, P., 2013, Infrared study of boron-carbon chemical bonds in boron-doped activated carbon, Carbon, 54, 208–214.

[31] Harimu, L., Wahyuni, S., Nasrudin, N., Baari, M.J., and Permana, D., 2022, Fabrication of chitosan/Fe3O4 nanocomposite as adsorbent for reduction methylene blue contents, Indones. J. Chem., 22 (3), 878–886.

[32] Khuluk, R.H., Rahmat, A., Buhani, B., and Suharso, S., 2019, Removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto activated carbon from coconut shell (Cocous nucifera L.), Indones. J. Sci. Technol., 4 (2), 229–240.

[33] Gundogdu, A., Duran, C., Senturk, H.B., Soylak, M., Ozdes, D., Serencam, H., and Imamoglu, M., 2012, Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution on a low-cost activated carbon produced from tea industry waste: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic study, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 57 (10), 2733–2743.

[34] Mohan, D., Sarswat, A., Singh, V.K., Alexandre-Franco, M., and Pittman, C.U., 2011, Development of magnetic activated carbon from almond shells for trinitrophenol removal from water, Chem. Eng. J., 172 (2-3), 1111–1125.

[35] Buhani, B., Halimah, S.N., Suharso, S., and Sumadi, S., 2022, Utilization of activated carbon from candlenut shells (Aleurites moluccana) as methylene blue adsorbent, Rasayan J. Chem., 15 (1), 124–131.

[36] Singh, A., Kumar, S., Panghal, V., Arya, S.S., and Kumar, S., 2019, Utilization of unwanted terrestrial weeds for removal of dyes, Rasayan J. Chem., 12 (4), 1956–1963.

[37] Kakavandi, B., Jonidi Jafari, A., Rezaei Kalantary, R., Nasseri, S., Esrafili, A., Gholizadeh, A., and Azari, A., 2016, Simultaneous adsorption of lead and aniline onto magnetically recoverable carbon: Optimization, modeling and mechanism, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 91 (12), 3000–3010.

[38] AbdEl-Salam, A.H., Ewais, H.A., and Basaleh, A.S., 2017, Silver nanoparticles immobilised on the activated carbon as efficient adsorbent for removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions. A kinetic study, J. Mol. Liq., 248, 833–841.

[39] Foroutan, R., Peighambardoust, S.J., Peighambardoust, S.H., Pateiro, M., and Lorenzo, J.M., 2021, Adsorption of crystal violet dye using activated carbon of lemon wood and activated carbon/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite from aqueous solutions: A kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic study, Molecules, 26 (8), 2241.

[40] Toan, N.C., Binh, Q.A., Tungtakanpoung, D., and Kajitvichyanukul, P., 2020, Kinetic, isotherm and mechanism in paraquat removal by adsorption processes using different biochars, Lowl. Technol. Int., 22 (2), 304–317.

[41] Iryani, A., Nur, H., Santoso, M., and Hartanto, D., 2020, Adsorption study of rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes with ZSM-5 directly synthesized from Bangka kaolin without organic template, Indones. J. Chem., 20 (1), 130–140.

[42] Damiyine, B., Guenbour, A., and Boussen, R., 2020, Comparative study on adsorption of cationique dye onto expanded perlite and natural clay, Rasayan J. Chem., 13 (1), 448–463.

[43] Pranoto, P., Purnawan, C., and Utami, T., 2018, Application of Bekonang clay and andisol soil composites as copper(II) metal ion adsorbent in metal crafts wastewater, Rasayan J. Chem., 11 (1), 23–31.

[44] Shao, Y., Zhou, L., Bao, C., Ma, J., Liu, M., and Wang, F., 2016, Magnetic responsive metal-organic frameworks nanosphere with core-shell structure for highly efficient removal of methylene blue, Chem. Eng. J., 283, 1127–1136.

[45] Buhani, B., Narsito, N., Nuryono, N., Kunarti, E.S., and Suharso, S., 2015, Adsorption competition of Cu(II) ion in ionic pair and multi-metal solution by ionic imprinted amino-silica hybrid adsorbent, Desalin. Water Treat., 55 (5), 1240–1252.

[46] Wong, K.T., Eu, N.C., Ibrahim, S., Kim, H., Yoon, Y., and Jang, M., 2016, Recyclable magnetite-loaded palm shell-waste based activated carbon for the effective removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution, J. Cleaner Prod., 115, 337–342.

[47] Abbas, M., Harrache, Z., and Trari, M., 2020, Mass-transfer processes in the adsorption of crystal violet by activated carbon derived from pomegranate peels: Kinetics and thermodynamic studies, J. Eng. Fibers Fabr., 15, 1558925020919847.

[48] Mohanty, K., Naidu, J.T., Meikap, B.C., and Biswas, M.N., 2006, Removal of crystal violet from wastewater by activated carbons prepared from rice husk, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45 (14), 5165–5171.

[49] Hamidzadeh, S., Torabbeigi, M., and Shahtaheri, S.J., 2015, Removal of crystal violet from water by magnetically modified activated carbon and nanomagnetic iron oxide, J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 13 (1), 8.

[50] Shouman, M.A., and Rashwan, W.E., 2012, Studies on adsorption of basic dyes on activated carbon derived from Phragmites australis (common reed), Univers. J. Environ. Res. Technol., 2 (3), 119–134.

[51] Depci, T., Kul, A.R., Onal, Y., Disli, E., Alkan, S., and Turkmenoglu, Z.F., 2012, Adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution on activated carbon derived from Gölbaşi lignite, Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process., 48 (1), 253–270.

[52] Kahsay, M.H., Belachew, N., Tadesse, A., and Basavaiah, K., 2020, Magnetite nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide for adsorptive removal of crystal violet and antifungal activities, RSC Adv., 10 (57), 34916–34927.

[53] Alizadeh, N., Shariati, S., and Besharati, N., 2017, Adsorption of crystal violet and methylene blue on azolla and fig leaves modified with magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles, Int. J. Environ. Res., 11 (2), 197–206.

[54] Jiao, J., Sun, J., Ullah, R., Bai, S., and Zhai, C., 2020, One-step synthesis of hydrophobic clinoptilolite modified by silanization for the degradation of crystal violet dye in aqueous solution, RSC Adv., 10 (38), 22809–22818.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.76201

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2774 | views : 1772


Copyright (c) 2022 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.