Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Quantities of Pure Atropine and Pharmaceutical Preparations with SbI42− Ion

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.79010

Riyadh Hasan Mohammed Ali(1*), Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah(2), Rasha Ismail Ahmed(3)

(1) Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
(2) Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
(3) Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study aims to estimate a simple, rapid and sensitive method for a trace amount of atropine (ATR) in medicinal compounds. Two approaches were followed to accomplish this aim, i.e., spectrophotometric determination of pure ATR and pharmaceutical preparations using SbI42− ion as a new reagent. The procedure involves the implementation of an ion-association complex with this alkaloid. The resulting complex was extracted and detected spectrophotometrically at 492 nm. Appropriate parameters were investigated, including the ion SbI42− concentration and the pH value of the complex formation. Using chloroform to extract the complex, taking into consideration extraction time and volume of solvent used. The calibration graph is linear in the ranges of 0.5–5.0 × 10−3 M. Precision, accuracy, detection limit, and RSD %, as well as relative standard deviation (n = 5), were calculated. The test sensitivity was 0.013 µg cm−2. Several interference additives were studied by investigating the effect of equal and duplicate quantities of some common excipients on selectivity, such as starch, glucose, lactose, glycerin, and talc. The molar ratio of the SbI42−_ATR was determined. The amount of ATR in the pharmaceutical tablets and eye drop preparation was calculated using Erel at ratios of 2.24 and 2.75%, respectively.


Keywords


Atropine, spectrophotometer, SbI42- atropine complex, solvent extraction, pharmaceutical compounds.

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] World Health Organization, 2019, The International Pharmacopoeia, 9th Ed., Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, World Health Organization, Geneva.

[2] Zhao, C., Cai, C., Ding, Q., and Dai, H., 2020, Efficacy and safety of atropine to control myopia progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis, BMC Ophthalmol., 20 (1), 478.

[3] Moriyama, K., Takami, Y., Uozumi, N., Okuda, A., Yamashita, M., Yokomizo, R., Shimada, K., Egawa, T., Kamei, T., and Takayanagi, K., 2016, Assessment of drug content uniformity of atropine sulfate triturate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Raman chemical imaging, J. Pharm. Health Care Sci., 2 (1), 4.

[4] Saito, J., Imazumi, H., and Yamatani, A., 2019, Physical, chemical, and microbiological stability study of diluted atropine eye drops, J. Pharm. Health Care Sci., 5 (1), 25.

[5] Afsar, A., and Bajwa, J.A., 2017, Determination of best regime for administration of atropine eye drops for cycloplegia, Adv. Ophthalmol. Visual Syst., 6 (1), 42–45.

[6] Pejić, M., Janković, M., Djordjević, S., and Koturević, B., 2020, Extraction and identification of atropine from 'legal high' plant species, Int. Sci. Conf. “Archibald Reiss Days“, 10, 713–720.

[7] Brown, K., McMenemy, M., Palmer, M., Baker, M.J., Robinson, D.W., Allan, P., and Dennany, L., 2019, Utilization of an electrochemiluminescence sensor for atropine determination in complex matrices, Anal. Chem., 91 (19), 12369–12376.

[8] Koetz, M., Santos, T.G., Rayane, M., and Henriques, A.T., 2017, Quantification of atropine in leaves of Atropa belladonna: Development and validation of method by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Drug Anal. Res., 1 (1), 44–49.

[9] Mahmood, A.K., 2017, Development of two different spectrophotometric methods for the determination of atropine drug in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations, Ibn Al-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci., 25 (3), 226–241.

[10] Dushna, O., Dubenska, L., Vojs, M., Marton, M., Patsay, I., Ivakh, S., and Plotycya, S., 2022, Highly sensitive determination of atropine in pharmaceuticals, biological fluids beverage on planar electrochemical cell with working boron-doped diamond electrode, Electrochim. Acta, 432, 141182.

[11] Nair, S.G., Shah, J.V., Shah, P.A., Sanyal, M., and Shrivastav, P.S. 2015, Extractive spectrophotometric determination of five selected drugs by ion-pair complex formation with bromothymol blue in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations, Cogent Chem., 1 (1), 1075852.

[12] Aziz, A.T., and Sultan, S.H., 2019, Spectrophotometric determination of mesalazine in pharmaceutical preparation by oxidative coupling reactions with m-aminophenol and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, Baghdad Sci. J., 16 (4), 1010–1016.

[13] Wedian, F., Lataifeh, A., and Mohammed, M.S., 2020, Simultaneous spectrofluorometric analysis of tablets containing hydrochlorothiazide combined with timolol maleate or amiloride hydrochloride, Acta Pharm., 70 (3), 373–385.

[14] El-Didamony, A.M., Hafeez, S.M., and Saad, A.A., 2015, Extraction-spectrophotometric determination of some antihypertensive drugs in pharmaceutical and biological fluids using two sulphonphthalein dyes, Int. J. Appl. Pharm., 7 (1), 10–17.

[15] Ammar, R.A., 2015, Determination of doxazosinmesylate by ion-pair complex formation with bismuth(III) tetraiodide using spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectroscopic, Orient. J. Chem., 31 (4), 2487–2497.

[16] Khawla, S.A., Qutaiba, A.Q., Falah, H.S., Al-Salman, H.N.K., and Hussein, H.H., 2020, The spectrophotometric determination of antiepileptic drug in standard and pharmaceutical formulations by diazotization coupling reaction and some metals complexes, Syst. Rev. Pharm., 11 (3), 247–260.

[17] Ali, R.H.M., and Fadhil, J., 1999, Determination of some biologically active alkaloids using ion-association palladium complexes and indirect electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Iraqi J. Sci., 40 (4), 1–20.

[18] Abd Alrassol, K.S., Qasim, Q.A., Ahmed, G.S., and Al-Salman, H.N.K., 2019, A modified and credible method to estimate nitrofurantoin in the standard of substances and pharmaceutical dosage, Int. J. Pharm. Res., 11 (4), 1057–1071.

[19] Ali, R.H.M., 2021, Using the platinum as an ion-association complex in indirect determination of microgram quantities of some alkaloids and pharmaceutical compounds by GET-AAS, Ann. Rom. Soc. Cell Biol., 25 (4), 8974–8981.

[20] Skoog, D.A., Holler, F.J., and Crouch, S.R., 2017, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 7th Ed., Cengage Learning, Boston, MA, USA.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.79010

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1791 | views : 930


Copyright (c) 2023 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.