Synthesis of Co(ll), Ni(ll), Cu(ll), Pd(ll), and Pt(lV) Complexes with 14,15,34,35-Tetrahydro-11H, 31H-4,8-diaza-1,3(3,4)-ditriazola-2,6(1,4)-dibenzenacyclooctaphane-4,7-dien-15,35-dithione, and the Thermal Stability of Polyvinyl Chloride Modified Complexes

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.81272

Ali Mudher Abdulkareem Al-Khazraji(1*)

(1) Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


In the current endeavor, a new Schiff base of 14,15,34,35-tetrahydro-11H,31H-4,8-diaza-1,3(3,4)-ditriazola-2,6(1,4)-dibenzenacyclooctaphane-4,7-dien-15,35-dithione was synthesized. The new symmetrical Schiff base (Q) was employed as a ligand to produce new complexes comprising Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) metal-ions at a ratio of 2:1 (Metal:ligand). There have been new ligands and their complexes validated by (FTIR), (UV-visible), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, CHNS, and FAA spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Molar conductivity, and Magnetic susceptibility. The photostabilization technique to enhance the polymer was also used. The ligand Q and its complexes were mixed in 0.5% w/w of polyvinyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The photo stabilization of polymer films was studied at 25 °C under irradiation of light λ 380–250 nm with intensity of 7.75 × 10−9 ein dm−3 s−1. The photostabilization activity of these compounds was determined by monitoring the hydroxyl, carbonyl, and polyene indexes, weight loss method with irradiation time. The ICO, IPO and IOH index values increased with irradiation time, this increase depends on the type of additives. The surface morphology for these films was studied during irradiation time. This project is highly intriguing for the ecosystem in regards to the decrease in the consumption of plastic.


Keywords


Schiff base; PVC; photostability; photodegradation; PVC films; weight loss

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Numan, A.T., 2010, Synthesis and spectral studies for new Schiff base and its binuclear complexes with ZnII, CdII and HgII, Ibn Al-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci., 23 (2), 65–75.

[2] Sellami, M., Bragazzi N.L., Slimani M., Hayes L., Jabbour G., De Giorgio A., and Dugué, B., 2019, The effect of exercise on glucoregulatory hormones: A countermeasure to human aging: Insights from a comprehensive review of the literature, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16 (10), 1709.

[3] Yang, L., Bajinka, O., Jarju, P.O., Tan, Y., Taal, A.M., and Ozdemir, G., 2021, The varying effects of antibiotics on gut microbiota, AMB Express, 11 (1), 116.

[4] Maoka, T., 2020, Carotenoids as natural functional pigments, J. Nat. Med., 74 (1), 1–16.

[5] Dixit, D., Verma, P.K., and Marwaha, R.K., 2021, A review on ‘triazoles’: Their chemistry, synthesis and pharmacological potentials, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 18 (10), 2535–2565.

[6] Al-Khazraji, A.M.A., and Al Hassani, R.A.M., 2020, Synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic study of new metal complexes form heterocyclic compounds for photostability study, Syst. Rev. Pharm., 11 (5), 535–555.

[7] Al-Khazraji, A.M.A., Al Hassani, R.A.M., and Ahmed, A., 2020, Studies on the photostability of polystyrene films with new metals complex of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivate, Sys Rev Pharm., 11 (5), 525–534.

[8] Cordes, E.H., and Jencks, W.P., 1962, On the mechanism of Schiff base formation and hydrolysis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84 (5), 832–837.

[9] Endo, K., 2002, Synthesis and structure of poly(vinyl chloride), Prog. Polym. Sci., 27 (10), 2021–2054.

[10] Saad, H.A.R., Shakir, R.M., and Mahdi, M.H., 2018, Synthesis and thermal electo conductivity of some new triazole derivatives bearing azo or azomethain group, Ibn Al-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci., 31 (3), 88–101.

[11] Kryczyk-Poprawa, A., Kwiecień, A., and Opoka, W., 2019, Photostability of topical agents applied to the skin: A review, Pharmaceutics, 12 (1), 10.

[12] Panwar, H., and Singh S., 2011, Synthesis and characterization of 3-aryl-5H,13aH-quinolino(3,2-f)(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-b)(1,2-diaza-4-sulpho)azepines: In vitro antifungal and antibacterial activity, Indones. J. Chem., 11 (2), 148–153.

[13] Al-Mohammadi, N.A.H.A.H., Al-Fahdawi, A.S.M., and Al-Janabi, S.S.I., 2021, Design and characterization of new dinuclear macrocyclic dithiocarbamate complexes by the preparation of a free ligand derived from isopropylamine, Iraqi J. Sci., 62 (1), 1–15.

[14] Shekhawat, A., Singh, N., and Chundawat, N., 2022, Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of Schiff's base metal complexes derived from hydroxy trizene and aromatic aldehyde, J. Sci. Res., 14 (1), 387–394.

[15] Prakash, V., 2017, Applications of vanillin Schiff base ligands and their complexes: A review, Int. J. Eng. Res. Sci., 3 (2), 36–47.

[16] Chen, C., Chen, L., Yao, Y., Artigas, F., Huang, Q., and Zhang, W., 2019, Organotin release from polyvinyl chloride microplastics and concurrent photodegradation in water: Impacts from salinity, dissolved organic matter, and light exposure, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53 (18), 10741–10752.

[17] Cross, M.M., 1969, Polymer rheology: Influence of molecular weight and polydispersity, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 13 (4), 765–774.

[18] Seo, H.J., Lee, J.W., Na, Y.H., and Boo, J.H., 2020, Enhancement of photocatalytic activities with nanosized polystyrene spheres patterned titanium dioxide films for water purification, Catalysts, 10 (8), 886.

[19] Watheq, B., Yousif, E., Al-Mashhadani, M.H., Mohammed, A., Ahmed, D.S., Kadhom, M., and Jawad, A.H., 2020, A surface morphological study, poly(vinyl chloride) photo-stabilizers utilizing ibuprofen tin complexes against ultraviolet radiation, Surfaces, 3 (4), 579–593.

[20] Ankamah, E., Sebag, J., Ng, E., and Nolan, J.M., 2019, Vitreous antioxidants, degeneration, and vitreo-retinopathy: Exploring the links, Antioxidants, 9 (1), 7.

[21] Chamas, A., Moon, H., Zheng, J., Qiu, Y., Tabassum, T., Jang, J.H., Abu-Omar, M., Scott, S.L., and Suh, S., 2020, Degradation rates of plastics in the environment, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 8 (9), 3494–3511.

[22] Yousif, E., Ahmed, D.S., Ahmed, A.A., Hameed, A.S., Muhamed, S.H., Yusop, R.M., Redwan, A., and Mohammed, S.A., 2019, The effect of high UV radiation exposure environment on the novel PVC polymers, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 26 (10), 9945–9954.

[23] Minsker, K.S., Kolesov, S.V., Kulish E.I., Zaikov, G.E., 2019, "PVC Degradation in Blends with Other Polymers" in Polymer Yearbook 13, Eds. Pethrick, R.A., Zaikov, G., Tsuruta, T., and Koide, N., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 5–20.

[24] Mohamed, N.A., and Al‐Harby, N.F., 2021, Enhancement of the thermal stability of PVC filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes using new antimicrobic itaconimido aryl 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles, Polym. Compos., 42 (3), 1245–1257.

[25] Hendrickson, E., Minor, E.C., and Schreiner, K., 2018, Microplastic abundance and composition in western Lake Superior as determined via microscopy, Pyr-GC/MS, and FTIR, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52 (4), 1787–1796.

[26] Ainali, N.M., Bikiaris, D.N., and Lambropoulou, D.A., 2021, Aging effects on low-and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene under UV irradiation: An insight into decomposition mechanism by Py-GC/MS for microplastic analysis, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 158, 105207.

[27] Zhao, T., Cao, C., Wang, H., Shen, X., Lai, H., Zhu, Y., Chen, H., Han, L., Rehman, T., and He, F., 2021, Highly efficient all-polymer solar cells from a dithieno[3,2-f:2′,3′-h] quinoxaline-based wide band gap donor, Macromolecules, 54 (24), 11468–11477.

[28] Gao, Y., Zhou, D., Lyu, J., A, S., Xu, Q., Newland, B., Matyjaszewski, K., Tai, H., and Wang, W., 2020, Complex polymer architectures through free-radical polymerization of multivinyl monomers, Nat. Rev. Chem., 4 (4), 194–212.

[29] Jia, P., Hu, L., Shang, Q., Wang, R., Zhang, M., and Zhou, Y., 2017, Self-plasticization of PVC materials via chemical modification of mannich base of cardanol butyl ether, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 5 (8), 6665–6673.

[30] Al-Salem, S.M., Behbehani, M.H., Al-Hazza’a, A., Arnold, J.C., Alston, S.M., Al-Rowaih A.A., Asiri, F., Al-Rowaih, S.F., and Karam, H., 2019, Study of the degradation profile for virgin linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polyolefin (PO) plastic waste blends, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage., 21 (5), 1106–1122.

[31] Vijayan, K., Muniyadi, M., and Munusamy, Y., 2021, Impact modified polyvinyl chloride based thermoplastic elastomers: effect of nitrile butadiene rubber and graphene oxide loading, J. Eng. Sci., 17 (1), 51–74.

[32] Apel, P.Y., 2019, Fabrication of functional micro-and nanoporous materials from polymers modified by swift heavy ions, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 159, 25–34.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.81272

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1194 | views : 565


Copyright (c) 2023 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 


Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web
Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.