New Series of Ni(II), Cu(II), Zr(IV), Ag(I), and Cd(II) Complexes of Trimethoprim and Diamine Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies

Amaal Younis Al-Assafe; Rana Abdul Malik Sulaiman Al-Quaba

doi:10.22146/ijc.89167

New Series of Ni(II), Cu(II), Zr(IV), Ag(I), and Cd(II) Complexes of Trimethoprim and Diamine Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.89167

Amaal Younis Al-Assafe^(1*), Rana Abdul Malik Sulaiman Al-Quaba⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
(2) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

New compounds series of [M(TMP)(en)]X·nH₂O and [M(TMP)(PD)]X·nH₂O, where M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zr⁴⁺, Ag⁺, Cd²⁺, TMP = trimethoprim, en = ethylenediamine, PD = o-phenylene and X= Cl⁻ or NO₃⁻, were prepared. The compounds were characterized using techniques including melting points, conductance, elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. FTIR spectra indicated TMP acted like a bi-dentate ligand, combining via the nitrogen atoms of azomethine and pyrimidine amino groups. Diamine ligands (en or o-PD) are coordinated via two nitrogen atoms. Prepared compounds showed monomeric behavior and adopted a 6-coordinate octahedral geometry based on magnetic susceptibility and UV spectra. Conductivity measurements revealed Zr(IV) compounds were 1:2 conductive, while Ag⁺ and Cd²⁺ were 1:1 conductive; Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ compounds were non-conductive. Antibacterial tests on compounds and ligands against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The mixed metal compounds revealed an observable tendency of antibacterial activity in the order Zr > Cd = Ag > Cu, making Zr(IV) compounds the most biologically active among them against S. aureus (Gram-positive) while the same compounds showed less antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (Gram-negative) than the free ligand.

Keywords

antibacterial activity; chelating agent; diamine ligand; mixed ligands; trimethoprim

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.89167