Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils from Mafraq, Jordan

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.90991

Ahmed Al-Sarhan(1), "Ayat Allah" Al-Massaedh(2*), Idrees Faleh Al-Momani(3)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


In the present study, the concentrations of nine heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in roadside soils were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Roadside soils were collected during the summer semester from Mafraq, Jordan (N = 97). Four sampling sites were selected for this study, including commercial area, industrial area, residential area, and Irbid-Mafraq highway. The average metal concentrations (±SD) in the collected soils were 16840 (± 9479), 40 (± 40), 99 (± 44), 478 (± 155), 60 (± 62), 2 (± 1), 73 (± 23), 14 (± 5), and 45 (± 13) mg/kg for Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni, respectively. The results of this study revealed that the highest Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Fe, and Pb concentrations were found in the industrial area, and the highest Cd concentration was found at the Irbid-Mafraq highway. The values of the enrichment factors for Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni in the collected roadside soils were found to be higher than 10, confirming the presence of anthropogenic pollution in the studied areas. The results of this study were also compared with other studies performed in different countries in the world.


Keywords


roadside soil; heavy metals; spatial distribution; Mafraq, Jordan



References

[1] Ilić, P., Ilić, S., Nešković Markić, D., Stojanović Bjelić, L., Popović, Z., Radović, B., Mrazovac Kurilić, S., Farooqi, Z.U.R., Mehmood, T., Mohamed, M.H., and Kouadri, S., 2022, Ecological risk of toxic metal contamination in soil around coal mine and thermal power plant, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 31 (5), 4147–4156.

[2] Li, C., Zhou, K., Qin, W., Tian, C., Qi, M., Yan, X., and Han, W., 2019, A review on heavy metals contamination in soil: Effects, sources, and remediation techniques, Soil Sediment Contam.: Int. J., 28 (4), 380–394.

[3] Alengebawy, A., Abdelkhalek, S.T., Qureshi, S.R., and Wang, M.Q., 2021, Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications, Toxics, 9 (3), 42.

[4] Abdullahi, A., Lawal, M.A., and Salisu, A.M., 2021, Heavy metals in contaminated soil: Source, accumulation, health risk and remediation process, Bayero J. Pure Appl. Sci., 14 (1), 1–12.

[5] Al-Massaedh, A.A., and Al-Momani, I.F., 2020, Assessment of heavy metal contamination in roadside soils along Irbid-Amman highway, Jordan by ICP-OES, Jordan J. Chem., 15 (1), 1–12.

[6] Sulaiman, F.R., and Hamzah, H.A., 2018, Heavy metals accumulation in suburban roadside plants of a tropical area (Jengka, Malaysia), Ecol. Processes, 7 (1), 28.

[7] Yilmaz, C.H., 2023, Heavy metals and their sources, potential pollution situations and health risks for residents in Adiyaman province agricultural lands, Türkiye, Environ. Geochem. Health, 45 (6), 3521–3539.

[8] Dabaibeh, R., 2021, Spatial distribution of heavy metals in Al-Zarqa, Jordan, Indones. J. Chem., 21 (2), 478–493.

[9] Asmoay, A.S.A., Salman, S.A., El-Gohary, A.M., and Sabet, H.S., 2019, Evaluation of heavy metal mobility in contaminated soils between Abu Qurqas and Dyer Mawas area, El Minya Governorate, Upper Egypt, Bull. Natl. Res. Cent., 43 (1), 88.

[10] Kaur, J., Bhat, S.A., Singh, N., Bhatti, S.S., Kaur, V., and Katnoria, J.K., 2022, Assessment of the heavy metal contamination of roadside soils alongside Buddha Nullah, Ludhiana, (Punjab) India, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19 (3), 1596.

[11] Al-Serhan, A., Al-Massaedh, A.A., and Al-Momani, I.F., 2023, Determination of heavy metal concentrations in household dusts in Irbid and Mafraq cities, Jordan, Indones. J. Chem., 23 (5), 1415–1435.

[12] Massadeh, A.M., Al-Massaedh, A.A., and Kharibeh, S., 2018, Determination of selected elements in canned food sold in Jordan markets, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 25 (4), 3501–3509.

[13] Shaheen, N., Irfan, N.M., Khan, I.N., Islam, S., Islam, M.S., and Ahmed, M.K., 2016, Presence of heavy metals in fruits and vegetables: Health risk implications in Bangladesh, Chemosphere, 152, 431–438.

[14] Massadeh, A.M., and Al-Massaedh, A.A., 2018, Determination of heavy metals in canned fruits and vegetables sold in Jordan market, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 25 (2), 1914–1920.

[15] Dikwa, M.K., Akan, J.C., and Adamu, A., 2019, Determination of some heavy metals in roadside soils from some major roads in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, Nucl. Sci., 4 (3), 27–33.

[16] Wuana, R.A., and Okieimen, F.E., 2011, Heavy metals in contaminated soils: A review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation, ISRN Ecol., 2011, 402647.

[17] Joseph, L., Jun, B.M., Flora, J.R.V., Park, C.M., and Yoon, Y., 2019, Removal of heavy metals from water sources in the developing world using low-cost materials: A review, Chemosphere, 229, 142–159.

[18] Su, C., Jiang, L., and Zhang, W., 2014, A review on heavy metal contamination in the soil worldwide: Situation, impact and remediation techniques, Environ. Skeptics Critics, 3 (2), 24–38.

[19] Tan, S.Y., Praveena, S.M., Abidin, E.Z., and Cheema, M.S., 2016, A review of heavy metals in indoor dust and its human health-risk implications, Rev. Environ. Health, 31 (4), 447–456.

[20] Ayangbenro, A.S., and Babalola, O.O., 2017, A new strategy for heavy metal polluted environments: A review of microbial biosorbents, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14 (1), 94.

[21] Briffa, J., Sinagra, E., and Blundell, R., 2020, Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans, Heliyon, 6 (9), e04691.

[22] Addis, W., and Abebaw, A., 2017, Determination of heavy metal concentration in soils used for cultivation of Allium sativum L. (garlic) in East Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, Cogent Chem., 3 (1), 1419422.

[23] Wang, G., Zeng, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, Y., Scott, C.A., and Yan, X., 2017, Traffic-related trace elements in soils along six highway segments on the Tibetan Plateau: Influence factors and spatial variation, Sci. Total Environ., 581-582, 811–821.

[24] Ohiagu, F.O., Chikezie, P.C., Ahaneku, C.C., and Chikezie, C.M., 2022, Human exposure to heavy metals: Toxicity mechanisms and health implications, Mater. Sci. Eng. Int. J., 6 (2), 78–87.

[25] Zhao, X., Li, Z., Tao, Y., Wang, D., Huang, J., Qiao, F., Lei, L., and Xing, Q., 2020, Distribution characteristics, source appointment, and health risk assessment of Cd exposure via household dust in six cities of China, Build. Environ., 172, 106728.

[26] Zhao, X., Li, Z., Wang, D., Tao, Y., Qiao, F., Lei, L., Huang, J., and Ting, Z., 2021, Characteristics, source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals exposure via household dust from six cities in China, Sci. Total Environ., 762, 143126.

[27] Al-Massaedh, A.A., Gharaibeh, A., Radaydeh, S., and Al-Momani, I., 2018, Assessment of toxic and essential heavy metals in imported dried fruits sold in the local markets of Jordan, Eur. J. Chem., 9 (4), 394–399.

[28] Al-Momani, I.F., Attiyat, A.S., and Al-Momani, R.M., 2015, Influence of different heating systems on the bioavailable fractions of some elements in house dust, Jordan J. Chem., 10 (3), 194–204.

[29] Al-Madanat, O., Jiries, A., Batarseh, M., and Al-Nasir, F., 2017, Indoor and outdoor pollution with heavy metals in Al-Karak city, Jordan, J. Int. Environ. Appl. Sci., 12 (2), 131–139.

[30] Al-Momani, I.F., and Shatnawi, W.M., 2017, Chemical characterization and source determination of trace elements in PM2.5 and PM10 from an urban area, Northern Jordan, Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal., 5 (4), 103–108.

[31] Eid Alsbou, E.M., and Al-Khashman, O.A., 2018, Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soil and street dust from Petra region, Jordan, Environ. Monit. Assess., 190 (1), 48.

[32] Al-Momani, I.F., 2009, Assessment of trace metal distribution and contamination in surface soils of Amman, Jordan, Jordan J. Chem., 4 (1), 77–87.

[33] Dutch Standards, 2000, Circular on Target Values and Intervention Values for Soil Remediation, Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment (VROM), Netherlands Government Gazette, Netherlands.

[34] Department of Petroleum Resources, 2002, Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria (Revised Edition), Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Abuja, Nigeria.

[35] FAO/WHO, 2001, Food Additives and Contaminants, Joint Codex Alimentarius Commission, FAO/WHO Food Standards Program, ALINORM 10/12A, 1–289.

[36] Sabzevari, E., and Sobhanardakani, S., 2018, Analysis of selected heavy metals in indoor dust collected from city of Khorramabad, Iran: A case study, Jundishapur J. Health Sci., 10 (3), e67382.

[37] Khan, M.N., Wasim, A.A., Sarwar, A., and Rasheed, M.F., 2011, Assessment of heavy metal toxicants in the roadside soil along the N-5, National Highway, Pakistan, Environ. Monit. Assess., 182 (1), 587–595.

[38] Hui, Z., Caiqiu, W., Jiping, G., Xuyin, Y., Qiao, W., Wenming, P., Tao, L., Jie, Q., and Hanpei, Z., 2017, Assessment of heavy metal contamination in roadside soils along the Shenyang-Dalian Highway in Liaoning Province, China, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 26 (4), 1539–1549.

[39] European Union, 2009, Heavy Metals in Wastes, European Commission on Environment, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/mining/studies/pdf/heavymetalsreport.pdf.

[40] Bamidele, O., Boisa, N., and Obunwo, C.C., 2020, Determination and risk assessment of heavy metals concentrations collected from indoor houses at Lagos State of Nigeria, Int. J. Adv. Sci. Res. Eng., 6 (3), 77–94.

[41] Dingle, J.H., Kohl, L., Khan, N., Meng, M., Shi, Y.A., Pedroza-Brambila, M., Chow, C.W., and Chan, A.W.H., 2021, Sources and composition of metals in indoor house dust in a mid-size Canadian city, Environ. Pollut., 289, 117867.

[42] Zgłobicki, W., Telecka, M., Skupiński, S., Pasierbińska, A., and Kozieł, M., 2018, Assessment of heavy metal contamination levels of street dust in the city of Lublin, E Poland, Environ. Earth Sci., 77 (23), 1–11.

[43] Sharma, L.K., 2016, Investigation of heavy metal contamination in the roadside soil at Morena district in India, Int. J. Res. Granthaalayah, 4 (11), 72–76.

[44] Akbar, K.F., Hale, W.H.G., Headley, A.D., and Athar, M., 2006, Heavy metal contamination of roadside soils of northern England, Soil Water Res., 1 (4), 158–163.

[45] Lin, Y., Fang, F., Wang, F., and Xu, M., 2015, Pollution distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in indoor dust in Anhui rural, China, Environ. Monit. Assess., 187 (9), 565.

[46] Ali, I., Burakov, A.E., Melezhik, A.V., Babkin, A.V., Burakova, I.V., Neskoromnaya, E.A., Galunin, E.V., and Tkachev, A.G., 2019, The uptake of Pb(II) metal ion in water using polyhydroquinone/graphene nanocomposite material: Kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism studies, Adv. Mater. Technol., 4 (16), 3–12.

[47] Massadeh, A.M., Tahat, M., Jaradat, Q.M., and Al-Momani, I.F., 2004, Lead and cadmium contamination in roadside soils in Irbid city, Jordan: A case study, Soil Sediment Contam.: Int. J., 13 (4), 347–359

[48] Alghamdi, A.G., El-Saeid, M.H., Alzahrani, A.J., and Ibrahim, H.M., 2022, Heavy metal pollution and associated health risk assessment of urban dust in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, PloS One, 17 (1), e0261957.

[49] Harb, M.K., Ebqa'ai, M., Al-rashidi, A., Alaziqi, B.H., Al Rashdi, M.S., and Ibrahim, B., 2015, Investigation of selected heavy metals in street and house dust from Al-Qunfudah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Environ. Earth Sci., 74 (2), 1755–1763.

[50] Shi, T., and Wang, Y., 2021, Heavy metals in indoor dust: Spatial distribution, influencing factors, and potential health risks, Sci. Total Environ., 755, 142367.

[51] Iwegbue, C.M.A., Obi, G., Emoyan, O.O., Odali, E.W., Egobueze, F.E., Tesi, G.O., Nwajei, G.E., and Martincigh, B.S., 2018, Characterization of metals in indoor dusts from electronic workshops, cybercafés and offices in southern Nigeria: Implications for on-site human exposure, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 159, 342–353.

[52] Lu, X., Wang, L., Lei, K., Huang, J., and Zhai, Y., 2009, Contamination assessment of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel in street dust of Baoji, NW China, J. Hazard. Mater., 161 (2-3), 1058–1062.

[53] Looi, L.J., Aris, A.Z., Md. Yusof, F., Mohd Isa, N., and Haris, H., 2019, Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments, Environ. Geochem. Health, 41 (1), 27–42.

[54] Sutherland, R.A., 2000, Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii, Environ. Geol., 39 (6), 611–627.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.90991

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1427 | views : 617 | views : 418


Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 


Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web
Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.