The Utilization of  Gracilaria  sp. as Raw Material for Cellulose in Cellulose Acetate-Nickel Oxide (CA-NiO) as Electrode for Energy Storage Technology

Abdul Karim; Ahyar Ahmad; Rugaiyah Andi Arfah; Riksfardini Annisa Ermawar; Harningsih Karim; Andi Erwin Eka Putra; Suriati Eka Putri; Satria Putra Jaya Negara; Siti Halimah Larekeng

doi:10.22146/ijc.96533

The Utilization of Gracilaria sp. as Raw Material for Cellulose in Cellulose Acetate-Nickel Oxide (CA-NiO) as Electrode for Energy Storage Technology

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.96533

Abdul Karim⁽¹⁾, Ahyar Ahmad^(2*), Rugaiyah Andi Arfah⁽³⁾, Riksfardini Annisa Ermawar⁽⁴⁾, Harningsih Karim⁽⁵⁾, Andi Erwin Eka Putra⁽⁶⁾, Suriati Eka Putri⁽⁷⁾, Satria Putra Jaya Negara⁽⁸⁾, Siti Halimah Larekeng⁽⁹⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; Research and Development Center for Biopolymers and Bioproducts, LPPM, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for KARST Microbes BRIN-LPPM, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
(4) Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
(5) Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy YAMASI, Jl. Mapala 2 Blok D5 No. 10, Makassar 90222, Indonesia
(6) Department Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Poros Malino Km. 5, Gowa 92171, Indonesia
(7) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Jl. Daeng Tata, Makassar 90244, Indonesia
(8) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Jl. Daeng Tata, Makassar 90244, Indonesia
(9) Research Collaboration Center for KARST Microbes BRIN-LPPM, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

In the modern era, electrical energy has become a significant need that drives the large consumption of fossil fuels and their environmental impacts. Supercapacitors can reduce this large consumption of natural polymers such as cellulose acetate (CA), which can be synthesized from Gracilaria sp. Composites with CA can be an environmentally friendly alternative electrode with low toxicity. The results show that the cellulose has been successfully synthesized from the algae Gracilaria sp., which was proven by FTIR spectra analysis. The results also show that supercapacitor electrodes have been successfully made where the manufactured electrodes form a composite between CA and nickel oxide (NiO), with the highest specific capacitance and specific energy values of 15.5 × 10² F/g and 13.3 × 10² Wh/kg, respectively, on the CA-NiO₂ electrode, but when the NiO concentration is higher than the CA concentration the specific capacitance and specific energy decrease as shown on the CA-NiO electrode with NiO mass of 0.6 g. Thus, the materials results of this study can be applied to electric vehicles and technology that requires electricity storage in the future.

Keywords

cellulose acetate; energy storage; Gracilaria sp.; nickel oxide

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.96533