Current prevalence, characteristics, and comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.57325

Dionita Rani Karyono(1), Anggi Lukman Wicaksana(2*)

(1) Unit for Collaboration, Alumni, and Community Service, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, UGM
(2) Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing UGM
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Indonesia is currently fighting against a novel coronavirus disease, known as COVID-19. Current information of COVID-19 is crucial for healthcare providers. This study aimed to explore the current prevalence, characteristics, and comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia. We obtained data of the confirmed cases of COVID-19, characteristics and comorbidities from the official website of Indonesia COVID-19 Task Force. The data were extracted, explored and discussed to respond to the research aims. Up to June 3rd, 2020, it was reported there were 28,233 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The current prevalence of COVID-19 case was 0.11‰ and transmission was distributed to all provinces in Indonesia. Almost one-third of the COVID-19 infections were in the age group of 31-45 years (29.3%) but the highest mortality rate occurred in elderly people (17.68%). Overall, males slightly dominated and contributed only 6.84% to the mortality rate. Cough (76.2%), history of fever (50.4%), and current fever (47.1%) were the most common symptoms among the patients with COVID-19. For comorbidities, patients with COVID-19 had higher numbers of hypertension (52.1%), diabetes (33.6%), and other cardiovascular diseases (20.9%). Those three comorbidities led the greater proportion of deaths among other comorbidities. The COVID-19 pandemic is still a new challenge for Indonesia.


Keywords


COVID-19, characteristics, comorbidity, Indonesia, pandemic, prevalence

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. WHO. Coronavirus Update. 2020. [updates: March 11, 2020 cited June, 17 2020]. Available from: www.who.int
  2. WHO. COVID-19 Situation update for the WHO African Region: External Situation Report 4. 2020;1–7 (internet). [cited: June 18, 2020]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331587/SITREP_COVID-19_WHOAFRO_20200325-eng.pdf
  3. Indonesia's Task Force for COVID-19. Peta Sebaran (internet). [cited: June 3, 2020]. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/petasebaran
  4. Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Kemenkes RI. 2020;0–115.
  5. Magista M, Hertanti NS. Buku Saku Desa Tangguh COVID-19. 2020. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Available from: https://tropmed.fk.ugm.ac.id/2020/04/14/buku-saku-desa-tangguh-covid-19-ver-1/
  6. United Nation Geoscheme. COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic (internet). [update June 3 2020 cited June 3, 2020] Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdUOA?Si#countries
  7. Survei Komuter Jabodetabek. 2019 [Internet]. [Cited 19 July 2020]. Available from: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2020/01/21/seberapa-padat-penduduk-dki-jakarta-2019.
  8. Tosepu R, Gunawan J, Effendy DS, Ahmad LOAI, Lestari H, Bahar H, et al. Correlation between weather and Covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia. Sci Total Environ. 2020;725.
  9. The Jakarta Post. Covid-19-transmission-rate-soars-surabaya-urged-to-restore-restrictions (internet). [cited June 15, 2020] Available from: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/18/as-covid-19-transmission-rate-soars-surabaya-urged-to-restore-restrictions.html
  10. Kraemer MUG, Yang CH, Gutierrez B, Wu CH, Klein B, Pigott DM, et al. The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Science. 2020;368(6490):493–7.
  11. Niu S, Tian S, Lou J, Kang X, Zhang L, Lian H, et al. Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: a descriptive study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020;89:104058.
  12. Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick HE, Pius R, Norman L, et al. Features of 16,749 hospitalised UK patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol. medRxiv. 2020;2.
  13. Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, Yan W, Yang D, Chen G, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;368.
  14. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506.
  15. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507–13.
  16. Giefing-Kröll C, Berger P, Lepperdinger G, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. How sex and age affect immune responses, susceptibility to infections, and response to vaccination. Aging Cell. 2015;14(3):309–21.
  17. Channappanavar R, Fett C, Mack M, Eyck P, Meyerholz D, Perlman S. Sex-based differences in susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus infection. J Immunol. 2017;198:4046–53.
  18. Li R, Tian J, Yang F, Lv L, Yu J, Sun G, et al. Clinical characteristics of 225 patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital near Wuhan, China. J Clin Virol. 2020;127:18–20.
  19. Lv Z, Cheng S, Le J, Huang J, Feng L, Zhang B, et al. Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Microbes Infect. 2020;22(4–5):195–9.
  20. Sharma R, Agarwal M, Gupta M, Somendra S, Saxena SK. Clinical characteristics and differential clinical diagnosis of novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronavirus Diseases 2019. 2020;2019:55–70.
  21. Dhochak N, Singhal T, Kabra SK, Lodha R. Pathophysiology of COVID-19: why children fare better than adults? Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87:537–46.
  22. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1,590 patients with Covid-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5).
  23. Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:91–5.
  24. Kulkarni S, Jenner BL, Wilkinson I. COVID-19 and hypertension. JRAAS - J Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst. 2020;21(2).
  25. Cancarevic I, Malik BH. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) Infection in hypertensive patients and in patients with cardiac disease. Cureus. 2020;2(6):e8557.
  26. Huang S, Wang J, Liu F, Liu J, Cao G, Yang C, et al. COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severe disease: a multicenter retrospective observational study. Hypertens Res. 2020.
  27. Roncon L, Zuin M, Rigatelli G, Zuliani G. Diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection are at higher risk of ICU admission and poor short-term outcome. J Clin Viro. 2020;127.
  28. Hussain A, Bhowmik B, do Vale Moreira NC. COVID-19 and diabetes: knowledge in progress. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;162:108142.
  29. Wicaksana AL, Hertanti NS, Ferdiana A, Pramono RB. Diabetes management and specific
    considerations for patients with diabetes during coronavirus diseases pandemic: A scoping
    review. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):1109-1120.
  30. Hill MA, Mantzoros C, Sowers JR. Commentary: COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. Metab. 2020;107:154217.
  31. Grasselli G, Ospedale G, Policlinico M, Pesenti A, Ospedale G, Policlinico M, et al. Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: early experience and forecast during an emergency response. 2020;323(16):1545–6.
  32. Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SM, Almehmadi M, Alqahtani AS, et al. Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):1–13.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.57325

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 25105 | views : 16498

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Community Empowerment for Health

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.