Effect of Clove Powder Syzygium aromaticum Supplementation on Growth and Health Status of Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) in Floating Net Cage

https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.78348

Inem Ode(1), Sukenda Sukenda(2*), Widanarni Widanarni(3), Dinamella Wahjuningrum(4), Munti Yuhana(5), Mia Setiawati(6)

(1) Water Resource Management Study program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Darussalam Ambon University, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia
(2) Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
(3) Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
(4) Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
(5) Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
(6) Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Cantang grouper is a hybrid grouper which is one of the main grouper species cultivated in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and health status of cantang grouper in floating net cages supplemented with clove powder. This study used a completely randomized design with three treatments, each with three replications. Two levels of clove powder dose used were 10 and 15 g kg-1 and one treatment without clove powder dose (control). Feed treatment using the repelletting method. Parameters observed were growth, survival rate, levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase enzyme, blood parameters, phagocity activity, total bacterial count (TBC) and total vibrio count (TVC). The results showed that the treatment of clove powder supplementation in cantang grouper feed for 30 days was able to increase the growth, survival rate, activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), and differential leukocyte (lymphocyte). The application of clove powder in the feed did not significantly affect the total erythrocytes, leukocytes, hematocrit, phagocytic activity, total bacterial count (TBC) and total vibrio count (TVC) of hybrid grouper in floating net cages. The conclusion of this study, administration of clove powder at a dose of 15 g kg-1 feed was able to significantly increased growth, differential leukocyte (lymphocyte), and survival rate of cantang grouper in floating net cages.


Keywords


Cantang grouper; clove; feed supplement; fish health; growth

Full Text:

PDF


References

REFERENCES

Abdel-Rahman, A., Z. El-Bouhy, M. Wahbah & S. Ahmed. 2020. Effects of dietary turmeric and clove powder on growth and immune response of the Nile tilapia. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries. 24 (5): 589-608. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2020.108916

Abdolazizi, S., E. Ghaderi, N. Naghdi & B.B. Kamangar. 2011. Effects of clove oil as an anesthetic on some hematological parameters of Carassius auratus. Journal Aquaculture Research Development. 2 (1): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000108

Adeshina, I., A. Jenyo-Oni, B.O. Emikpe, E.K. Ajani & M. Abdel-Tawwab. 2019. Stimulatory effect of dietary clove, Eugenia caryophyllata, bud extract on growth performance, nutrient utilization, antioxidant capacity, and tolerance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. J World Aquac Soc. 50 (2): 390-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.057

Anderson, D.P & A.K. Siwicki. 1993. Basic haematology and serology for fish health programs. Paper Presented in Second Symposium on Diseases in Asia Aquaculture “Aquatic Animal Health and the Environmental”. Phuket Thailand 25-29th October 1993.

Blaxhall, P.C & K.W Daisley. 1973. Routine haematological methods for use with fish blood. J Fish Biol. 5 (6): 771-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04510.x

Chakraborty, S.B & C. Hanchz. 2011. Application of phytochemichals as immunostimulant, antipathogenic, and antistress agent in finfish Culture. Review in Aquaculture. 3: 103-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-5131.2011.01048.x

De, M., M.A. Ghaffar, N.M. Noor, Z.C. Cob, Y. Bakar & S.K. Das. 2019. Effects of water temperature and diet on blood parameters and stress levels in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) juveniles. Aquaculture Reports. 15: 100219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100219

Elimanafe, A., Y. Saloso & L.N. Toruan. 2013. Gambaran hematologi kerapu macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), kakap putih (Lates calcarifer), dan baronang (Siganus spp) dari perairan Tablolong. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kelautan dan Perikanan I.

Gaber, M. 2000. Grouth response of nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing different levels of clove oil. Egypt Journal Aquatic Biology & Fish. 4 (1): 1-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2000.1637

Ghaly, F.M, D.M. Baraka, S.H. Mahmoud, S.S. Abd EL-Salam, S.M. Awad & A.A. EL-Makhzangy. 2015. Efficacy of ciprofloxacin and clove extract on bacterial infection of Clarias gariepinus. Middle East J. Appl. Sci. 5: 1–9

He, Q., S. Xiao, C. Zhang, Zhang, H. Shi, H. Zhang, F. Lin, X. Liu, H. Yang, Q. Wang & H. Zhao. 2021. Modulation of the growth performance, biochemical parameters, and non-specific immune responses of the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) by two kinds of Chinese herb. Aquaculture Reports. 9: 100604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100604

Hopkins, K.D. 1992. Reporting fish growth; a review of the basics. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 23 (3): 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1992.tb00766.x

Hu, Q., M. Zhou & S. Wei. 2018. Progress on the antimicrobial activity research of clove oil and eugenol in the food antisepsis field. J food Sci. 83 (6): 1476-1483. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14180

Javahery, S., H. Nekoubin & A.H. Moradlu. 2012. Effect of anaesthesia with clove oil in fish (review). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 38 (6): 1545-1552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-012-9682-5

Lillehoj, H., Y. Liu, S. Calsamiglia, M.E. Fernandez-Miyakawa, F. Chi, R.L. Cravens, S. Oh & C.G. Gay. 2018. Phytochemicals as antibiotic alternatives to promote growth and enhance host health. Vet Res. 49 (1): 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0562-6

Ode, I., S. Sukenda, W. Widanarni, D. Wahjuningrum, M. Yuhana & M. Setiawati. 2022. Effect of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) powder supplementation on non-specific immune response of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) infected with Vibrio alginolyticus. AACL Bioflux. 15 (5): 2282-2291.

Ogata, M., M. Hoshi, S. Urano & T. Endo. 2000. Antioxidant activity of eugenol and related monomeric and dimeric compounds. Chem Pharm Bull. 48 (10): 1467-1469. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.48.1467

Okey, I.B., R.I. Keremah & U.U. Gabriel. 2018. The efficacy of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) powder as anaesthesia on African catfishes (Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis) fingerlings. Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology. 7 (4): 182-188. https://doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2018.07.00206

Pais, R., R. Khushiramani, I. Karunasagar & I. Karunasagar. 2008. Effect of immunostimulants on hemolymph haemagglutinins of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquac Res 39 (12): 1339-1345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02004.x

Pratiwi, N., D. Jusadi & S. Nuryati. 2016. Utilization of clove oil Syzigium aromaticum to improve feed efficiency on striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1876). Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 16 (3): 233-242.

Puteri, A.T.E., D. Jusadi & S. Nuryati. 2016. The growth and physiology responses of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum fed on the high dose of clove oil-supplemented diet. Jurnal akuakultur Indonesia. 15 (1): 70-79. https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.15.70.79

Rattanachaikunsopon, P & P. Phumkhachorn. 2009. Protective effect of clove oil supplemented fish diets on experimental Lactococcus garvieae infection in tilapia. Bioscience Biotechnology Biochemical. 73 (9): 2085-2089. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.90294

Reverter, M., N. Bontemps, D. Lecchini, B. Banaigs & P. Sasal. 2014. Use of plant extracts in fish aquaculture as an alternative to chemotherapy: Current status and future perspectives. Aquaculture. 433: 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.05.048

Rifat, M., S. Subagyo & W. Pratitis. 2008. Effect of adding temulawak flour (Curcuma xanthrriza) in the ration on the performance of male local rabbits. Biopharmaceuticals. 6 (2): 58-63. https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f060205

Rojas, C.D.F., D.C.R. Fernandes & P. Oliveira. 2014. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 4 (2): 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60215-x

Roubach, R., L.C. Gomes, F.A.L. Fonseca & A.L. Val. 2005. Eugenol as an efficacious anaesthetic for tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuiver. Aquaculture Research, 36 (11): 1056-1061. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01319.x

Sakuraguia, M.M., M.G. Paulinoa, N.E.D. Souza, D. Tavares, A.P. Terezan, E. Pesenti, A. Giani, J.B. Fernandes, M.M. Cestari & M.N. Fernandes. 2019. Crude extract of cyanobacterium Radiocystis fernandoi strain R28 induces anemia and oxidative stress in fish erythrocytes. Toxicon. 169: 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.002

Setiawati, K.M., K. Mahardika, K, A.A.K. Alit, D. Kusumawati, & I. Mastuti. 2017. Growth and seed blood profile of sunu grouper Plectropomus leopardus reared at different salinities. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 9 (2): 557-568.

Shalaby, S.E., M.M. El-Din, S.A. Abo-Donia, M. Mettwally & Z.A. Attia. 2011. Toxicological affects of essential oils from Eucalyptus Eucalyptus globules and Clove Eugenia caryophyllus on albino rats. Polish Journal of Environmental Study. 20 (2): 429-434.

Silvianti, T., D. Jusadi & S. Nuryati. 2016. The supplementation of clove oil Syzygium aromaticum in the diet to improve the growth performance of common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 16 (2): 211-225. https://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v16i2.42

Sohilait, H.J., H. Kainama & M. Nindatu. 2018. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils from different parts of Eugenia caryophylata thunb grown in Amboina Island. Int J Org Chem. 8 (2): 229-239. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijoc.2018.82017

Sonida, A., E. Harpeni & T. Tarsim. 2014. Description of the non-specific immune response of white snapper (Lates calcarifer) given black cumin (Nigella sativa) and challenge test with Nervous Necrosis. Aquasains. 187-192.

Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). 2014. Ikan kerapu cantang (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Forsskal 1775 >< Epinephelus lanceolatus, Bloch 1790). Bagian 2: Produksi Benih Hibrida. SNI 8036.2:2014.

Syawal, H., N. Kusumorini, W. Manalu & R. Affandi. 2011. Physiological and hematological responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio) at different temperatures of rearing media. Jurnal Ikhtiologi Indonesia. 12 (1): 1-11.

Tammi, T., N.T.M. Pratiwi, S. Hariyadi & I.N. Radiarta. 2015. Cluster analysis application and TRIX index to study trophic status variability in Pegametan Bay, Singaraja, Bali. Aquaculture Research Journal. 10 (2): 271-281. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.10.2.2015.271-281

Utami, T.D., S.B. Prayitno, S. Hastutu & A. Santika. 2013. Description of hematological parameters in tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) given different doses of Streptococcus iniae DNA vaccine. Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology. 2 (4): 7-20.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.78348

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 695 | views : 153

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada (print ISSN 0853-6384; online ISSN 2502-5066) is published by Department of Fisheries, Universitas Gadjah Mada in collaboration with Semnaskan UGM (Seminar Nasional Tahunan Hasil Perikanan dan Kelautan) and ISMFR (International Symposium on Marine and Fisheries Research).

 

View My Stats