Effects of water flow rate and surface cover plant density on the growth of duckweed (Lemna minor L.)
Renata Caprina Samantha Mahadewi Hutabarat(1*), Didik Indradewa(2)
(1) Postgraduate Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora no.1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora no.1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Globally, agriculture sector is facing unprecedented challenges in producing fertilizers and increasing the amount of fertilizer production without having negative impact on the environment. Thus, the organic fertilizers are needed to be produced as they do not give any damages to the environment. Duckweed plant has a lot of potentials that can be used in the agriculture sector. This plant can breed in approximately 16-48 hours by splitting. The water needs and its breeding speed ability are the basis for conducting this research. The research objective was to determine the effect of water flow rate and surface cover plant density on the growth and yield of duckweed plants. This research was conducted in November–December 2018 in Cangkringan District, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design. The main plot was irrigation water flow rate, consisting of two levels, namely large water flow rate (0.336 L.second-1) and small water flow rate (0.085 L.second-1). The subplot was the density of the duckweed plant surface cover, consisting of 10%, 20%, 40% and 60%. The results of this study indicated there was no effect of water flow rate on the plant growth, yield, and yield quality of duckweed plants. The C/N ratio of the duckweed plants fulfilled the requirement to be used as green manure.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Yogyakarta. 2018. Soil nutrient content in Wukirsari Cangkringan. 1st ed., Yogyakarta: BPTP Press
Boyd, C. E., 2009. Estimating mechanical aeration requirement in shrimp ponds from oxygen demand of feed. The Rising Tide : Proceedings of The Special Session on Suitable Shrimp Farming. 230-234.
Chesapeake Bay. 2002. Dissolved oxygen criteria. https://www.chesapeakebay.net /content/publications/cbp_13142_13162.pdf.
Food and Agriculture Organization. 2017. Duckweed: A tiny aquatic plant with enormous potential for agriculture and environment. http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/resources/documents/DW/Dw2.htm.
Foth, H.D. and B. G. Ellis. 1988. Soil Fertility.1st ed., Michigan: Wiley, USA.
Handoko, P. and Y. Fajariyanti. 2013. Effect of light spectrum to photosynthesis rate of water plants Hydrilla verticillata. Biology Education National Proceeding X. 1-9
Hasan, M.R. and R. Chakrabarti. 2009. Use of algae and aquatic macrophytes as feed in small scale aquaculture: A review. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper., 29-43.
Heuze, V. and G. Tran. 2015. Duckweed. Feedipedia. a Programme by INRA. CIRAD. AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/15306.
Holshof, G., I. E. Hoving., E.T.H.M. Peeters. 2009. Duckweed from waste to animal feed. 1st ed., Wageningen : UR Livestock Research, NL.
Landolt, E. and R. Kandeler. 1987. Biosystematic investigations in the family of duckweeds (Lemnaceae): The family of Lemnaceae - a monographic study. Zurich: Geobotanis LAI Instutites der ETH.
Poorter, H. and C. Remkes. 1990. Leaf area ratio and net assimilation rate of 24 wild species differing in relative growth rate. Oecologia, 83 : 553-559.
Maisura, M. A, I. Chozin, A. Lubis, H. Junaedi, Ehara. 2014. Some physiological character responses of rice under drought conditions in a paddy system. J. ISSAAS 1:104-114.
Nontji, A. 1973. Kandungan klorofil pada fitoplankton laut. Fakultas Biologi Universitas Nasional. Jakarta (Undergraduate Thesis)
Rooijakkers, P. 2016. Photosynthesis model to predict duckweed growth at the ecoferm greenhouse. https://edepot.wur.nl/389579.
Ruigrok, T. 2015. Temperature response of duckweed growth at the ecoferm greenhouse. https://edepot.wur.nl/389579.
Said, A. 2006. The Effect of composition of Hydrilla verticillata and Lemna minor as daily feed on the growth and survival of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus X Oreochromis mossambicus) in floating net cages in the aquatic of Das Musi. Proceedings of Jatiluhur Fish IV National Conference. 142-152
Sekomo, C.B, D. P. Rousseau, S. A. Saleh, P. N. Lens. 2012. Heavy metal removal in duckweed and algae ponds as a polishing step for textile wastewater treatment. Ecological Engineering, 44: 102–110.
Setyorini, D. ; W. Hartatik ; L.R. Widowati ; S. Widati. 2004. Final Report on Research of Nutrient Management Technology in Organic Farming. Report on the Division of Land Resources Research and Participatory Agricultural Technology Assessment Projects. 1st ed., Jakarta: Balai Penelitian Tanah
Sitompul, S. M. and B. Guritno. 1995. The Analysis of plant growth. 1st ed., Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Skillicorn, P.; W. Spira and W. Journey. 1993. Duckweed aquaculture: a new aquatic farming system for developing countries. 1st ed., Washington. D.C: The World Bank.
United States Department of Agriculture. 2015. Classification for kingdom plantae down to genus Tamarindus L. https://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=LEMI3.
Van Den Top, N. 2014. Dynamic modelling of duckweed production on the first ECOFERM: closed-cycle farm for rosé calves. https://edepot.wur.nl/389579.
Zhang, F., X. Huifeng, M. Xuemei, W. Haining. 2017. Grey prediction model for the chemical oxygen demand emissions in industrial waste water: An empirical analysis of China. Procedia Engineering, 174: 827 – 834.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.46517
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3041 | views : 2235Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ISSN 0126-4214 (print), ISSN 2527-7162 (online) is published by Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada collaboration with Perhimpunan Sarjana Pertanian Indonesia (PISPI) and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.