Seed germination and growth of Joseph’s coat (Amaranthus tricolor L.) following exposure with Naphthalene-1-Acetic Acid (NAA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.88687

Hadyan Pratama Lutfi Ilmam(1*), Kumala Dewi(2)

(1) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Amaranthaceae is a family of plants that can be used as vegetables and medicinal herbs. Amaranthus tricolor L. is commonly cultivated because it has fast growth rate and short life cycle that can be boosted by growth regulators, such as auxins. Amaranthus tricolor L. is commonly cultivated because it has a fast growth rate and short life cycle. Growth regulators, such as auxins, can boost the growing process. This research aims to study the effects of Naphthalene-1-Acetic Acid (NAA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) towards seed germination, growth of Amaranthus tricolor L., and to determine effective concentration of NAA or 2,4-D application on Amaranthus tricolor L. The methods in this research were the exogenous hormones applied to plants every two weeks with various concentrations: 0 ppm; 10 ppm; 20 ppm; 40 ppm; or 80 ppm in completely randomized design. The germination test of Amaranthus tricolor L. for 14 days; application of NAA and 2,4-D on Amaranthus tricolor L. plant for 56 days; measurement of plant height, fresh and dry weight; calculation of stomata density; measurement of chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Data analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with significance level at 5%. NAA treatment delays seed germination by one day compared to control, while 2,4-D treatment inhibits germination for several days with the higher concentration of 2,4-D applied, the greater inhibition of seed germination. NAA of 10 ppm increases plant height, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of Amaranthus tricolor L. Application of NAA and 2,4-D reduced stomata density and carotenoid content of Amaranthus tricolor L., with greater effects on higher concentrations of synthetic auxins. This research concluded that NAA or 2,4-D inhibits germination of Amaranthus tricolor L. seeds, NAA of 10 ppm effectively increases plant growth and chlorophyll content, but higher NAA concentrations inhibit growth. Application of 2,4-D with concentrations above 40 ppm can be lethal for Amaranthus tricolor L. 


Keywords


Amaranthus tricolor L.; germination; growth; NAA; 2,4-D



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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.88687

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