Pengaruh Kebisingan terhadap Tekanan Darah, dengan Stres Kerja sebagai Variabel Mediator

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.54088

Sumardiyono Sumardiyono(1*), Reni Wijayanti(2), Hartono Hartono(3), Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti(4)

(1) Bagian Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(2) Program Diploma 3 Hiperkes dan Keselamatan Kerja, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(3) Bagian Fisiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(4) Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Latar Belakang: Kebisingan lingkungan kerja merupakan stresor penyebab stres kerja pada tenaga kerja. Stres kerja menyebabkan kenaikan tekanan darah yang menjadi penyebab hipertensi.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tidak langsung antara kebisingan terhadap tekanan darah melalui variabel mediator stres kerja.

Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional analitik melalui pendekatan cross-sectional, pada populasi pekerja perempuan yang terpapar kebisingan lingkungan kerja di industri tekstil. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 139 orang yang diambil secara random. Uji statistik menggunakan model analisis jalur yang dihitung menggunakan software AMOS versi 22.

Hasil: Rerata skor variabel stres kerja = 22,1 point, tekanan darah sistolik = 131,7 mmHg dan diastolik = 88,1 mmHg. Pada model analisis jalur dihasilkan ada hubungan langsung antara kebisingan dengan stres kerja (kenaikan 1 point kebisingan meningkatkan 0,5 point skor stres kerja), dan ada hubungan tidak langsung antara kebisingan dengan tekanan darah melalui variabel mediator stres kerja (kenaikan kebisingan 1 point secara tidak langsung meningkatkan tekanan darah, masing-masing adalah sistolik sebesar 1,8 point dan diastolik sebesar 0,8 point).

Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan positif secara tidak langsung antara kebisingan dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik melalui stres kerja sebagai variabel mediator.


Keywords


kebisingan; stres kerja; tekanan darah

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abbasi, M., Monazzam, M. R., Akbarzadeh, A., Zakerian, S. A., & Ebrahimi, M. H. (2015). Impact of wind turbine sound on general health, sleep disturbance and annoyance of workers: A pilot- study in Manjil wind farm, Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-015-0225-8

Abbasi, M., Monnazzam, M. R., Zakerian, S., & Yousefzadeh, A. (2015). Effect of wind turbine noise on workers’ sleep disorder: A case study of manjil wind farm in northern Iran. Fluctuation and Noise Letters, 14(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219477515500200

Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., Janssen, S., & Stansfeld, S. (2014). Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health. In The Lancet (Vol. 383, Issue 9925, pp. 1325–1332). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X

Darlani, D., & Sugiharto, S. (2017). Kebisingan Dan Gangguan Psikologis Pekerja Weaving Loom Dan Inspection Pt. Primatexco Indonesia. Journal of Health Education, 2(2), 130–137. https://doi.org/10.15294/JHE.V2I2.22618

Elfiza, R., & Marliyawati, D. (2017). Hubungan antara lamanya paparan bising dengan gangguan fisiologis dan pendengaran pada pekerja industri tekstil. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro, 6(2), 1196–1207. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/medico/article/viewFile/18632/17712

Fitriyani, B. B., & Wahyuningsih, A. S. (2016). Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Alat Pelindung Telinga (Ear Plug) dengan Kepatuhan Penggunaannya Pada Pekerja Bagian Tenun Departemen Weaving Sl PT. Daya Manunggal. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 5(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v5i1.9699

Gasperin, D., Netuveli, G., Dias-da-Costa, J. S., & Pattussi, M. P. (2009). Effect of psychological stress on blood pressure increase: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 25(4), 715–726. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2009000400002

Hartono. (2014). Studi tentang Gastrointestinal Disorder pada Wanita Yang Mengalami Stres Bising Pesawat Udara di Sekitar Bandara Adi Soemamo Boyolali. Wacana Jurnal Psikologi, 6(11), 1–12.

Ismaila, S. O., & Odusote, A. (2014). Noise exposure as a factor in the increase of blood pressure of workers in a sack manufacturing industry. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjbas.2014.05.004

Kalantary, S., Dehghani, A., Yekaninejad, M. S., Omidi, L., & Rahimzadeh, M. (2015). The effects of occupational noise on blood pressure and heart rate of workers in an automotive parts industry. ARYA Atherosclerosis, 11(4), 215–219. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26478728

Kerns, E., Masterson, E. A., Themann, C. L., & Calvert, G. M. (2018). Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 61(6), 477–491. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22833

Lee, P. J., Lee, B. K., Jeon, J. Y., Zhang, M., & Kang, J. (2016). Impact of noise on self-rated job satisfaction and health in open-plan offices: a structural equation modelling approach. Ergonomics, 59(2), 222–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1066877

Naeini, R. L., Tamrin, S. B. H. M., Hashim, Z., & Mazraeh, A. A. (2015). Environmental Noise and the Association with Occupational Stress among Palm Oil Mill Workers. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 5(12), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2014.12.005

Nassiri, P., Farahani, S., Hoseini, M., Fouladi, Db., Monazzam, Em., & Hassanzadeh, G. (2012). Industrial noise exposure and salivary cortisol in blue collar industrial workers. Noise and Health, 14(59), 184. https://doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.99894

Nuraini, B. (2015). Risk Factors of Hypertension. J Majority, 4(5), 10–19.

Rinawati, S. (2013). Analisis Hubungan Paparan Getaran Mekanis dan Kebisingan dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pekerja Bagian Mesin Tenun di PT. Iskandar Indah Printing Textile Surakarta. Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Schmidt, F. P., Basner, M., Kroger, G., Weck, S., Schnorbus, B., Muttray, A., Sariyar, M., Binder, H., Gori, T., Warnholtz, A., & Munzel, T. (2013). Effect of nighttime aircraft noise exposure on endothelial function and stress hormone release in healthy adults. European Heart Journal, 34(45), 3508–3514. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht269

Selander, J., Bluhm, G., Theorell, T., Pershagen, G., Babisch, W., Seiffert, I., Houthuijs, D., Breugelmans, O., Vigna-Taglianti, F., Antoniotti, M. C., Velonakis, E., Davou, E., Dudley, M.-L., & Järup, L. (2009). Saliva Cortisol and Exposure to Aircraft Noise in Six European Countries. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(11), 1713–1717. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900933

Sigit Tresto Subekti. (2015). Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Tenaga Kerja Akibat Kebisingan Di PT Iskandar Indah Printing Textile Surakarta (Vol. 151). Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Spruill, T. M. (2010). Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 12(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-009-0084-8

Stokholm, Z. A., Hansen, Å. M., Grynderup, M. B., Bonde, J. P., Christensen, K. L., Frederiksen, T. W., Lund, S. P., Vestergaard, J. M., & Kolstad, H. A. (2014). Recent and long-term occupational noise exposure and salivary cortisol level. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 39(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.028

Sumardiyono, S., Hartono, H., Probandari, A., & Setyono, P. (2017). The Association between Risk Factors and Blood Pressure in the Textile Industry Workers. Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC), 5(3), 228. https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v5i3.2650

Sumodiharjo. (2016). Perbedaan Kelelahan Kerja Akibat Paparan Getaran Mekanis Pada Operator Weaving dan Spinning di PT. Kusumahadi Santosa, Karanganyar. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Suparto. (2010). Faktor Risiko Yang Paling Berperan Terhadap Hipertensi Pada Masyarakat di Kecamatan Jatipuro Kabupaten Karanganyar Tahun 2010. Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Thepaksorn, P., Koizumi, A., Harada, K., Siriwong, W., & Neitzel, R. L. (2019). Occupational noise exposure and hearing defects among sawmill workers in the south of Thailand. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 25(3), 458–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2017.1394710

Tyastanti, C.L., dan Ardyanto, Y. D. (2014). Risk Assessment Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Unit Windin PT. Kusumaputra Santosa, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 3(2), 128–137.

Venkatappa, K. G., & Vinutha Shankar, M. S. (2011). Study of association between noise levels and stress in traffic policemen of Bengaluru city. Biomedical Research, 23(1), 135–138.

Wiyanti, N., & Martiana, T. (2017). Hubungan Intensitas Penerangan dengan Kelelahan Mata Pada Pengrajin Batik Tulis. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 4(2), 144. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v4i2.2015.144-154

Zamanian, Z., Rostami, R., Hasanzadeh, J., & Hashemi, H. (2013). Investigation of the Effect of Occupational Noise Exposure on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate of Steel Industry Workers. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2013, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/256060



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.54088

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 9297 | views : 14344

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


 

Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional with registered number ISSN 2541-0644 (print), ISSN 2599-3275 (online) published by the Departement of Health Information Management and Services, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada

site
stats View My Stats