* Corresponding Author
Promoting Antimicrobial Stewardship in Small Ruminants by Assessing Farmer’s Behavior and Establishing Footbath Strategy at a Community Farm in Purbalingga, Central Java
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.106218 Ika Nurzijah(1*), Galar Sigit Prasuma(2), Muhammad Aris Darmansah(3), Widya Pratiwi Berliana(4), Mohammad Rekhan Akbar(5)
(1) Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
(2) Departement of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
(3) Ngudi Dadi Farm, Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia
(4) Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
(5) Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as lameness remain a persistent health problem for small ruminants in community farming systems. Although antimicrobials are frequently used as a treatment strategy, this practice contributes to increased medication use and raises concerns over antimicrobial resistance. This study assessed behavioral practices surrounding antimicrobial use among farmers at Ngudi Dadi, a community farm in Central Java, Indonesia, and implemented a multifaceted intervention combining farmer training and the construction of a biosecurity-focused footbath.
Behavioral data were collected through structured survey with 21 farmers, covering five domains: antimicrobial administration, disposal of veterinary medicines, frequency of antimicrobial use, medication storage, and treatment of sick animals. Behavioral scores varied across categories, with consistently higher scores for treatment practices, but notable gaps in antimicrobial administration and disposal behaviors. Importantly, no significant correlation was observed between years of farming experience and behavioral practice scores (Spearman’s ρ = 0.0488, p = 0.8335), suggesting that practice gaps are widespread regardless of farming experience.
Post-survey, a training session was conducted, followed by the construction of a footbath using lemongrass essential oil as a natural disinfectant. The footbath is now routinely used for incoming livestock at Ngudi Dadi Farm, serving as a biosecurity measure that supports reduced reliance on antimicrobials.
This study represents the first initiative in Indonesia to integrate behavioral assessment, farmer education, and footbath implementation into a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship strategy. Expansion of this model to other community farming settings, along with the development of standardized operating procedures, may enhance its scalability and long-term impact.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Andreza Francisco Martins, & Peter Rabinowitz. (2020). The impact of antimicrobial resistance in the environment on public health. Future Microbiology, 15(9), 699–702. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0331
Borelli, E., Ellis, K., Tomlinson, M., & Hotchkiss, E. (2023). Antimicrobial usage and resistance in scottish dairy herds: A survey of farmers’ knowledge, behaviours and attitudes. BMC Veterinary Research, 19(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03625-0
Browne, N., Hudson, C. D., Crossley, R. E., Sugrue, K., Kennedy, E., Huxley, J. N., & Conneely, M. (2022). Lameness prevalence and management practices on Irish pasture-based dairy farms. Ir Vet J, 75(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-022-00221-w
Cook, N. B. (2017). A Review of the Design and Management of Footbath for Dairy Cattle. Lameness in Cattle, 33(2), 195–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.02.004
Kadri, S. S. (2020). Key Takeaways From the U.S. CDC’s 2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threats Report for Frontline Providers. Critical Care Medicine, 48(7), 939–945. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000004371
Krömker, V., Paduch, J. H., Grabowski, N. T., & Seeth, M. T. (2018). Efficacy of a commercial glutaraldehyde footbath product for the control of bovine digital dermatitis. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 46(6), 351–356. https://doi.org/10.15653/tpg-170412
Manyi-Loh, C., Mamphweli, S., Meyer, E., & Okoh, A. (2018). Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications. Molecules, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040795
McEwen, S. A., & Collignon, P. J. (2018). Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Perspective. Microbiol Spectr, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0009-2017
McKernan, C., Benson, T., Farrell, S., & Dean, M. (2021). Antimicrobial use in agriculture: Critical review of the factors influencing behaviour. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 3(4), dlab178. https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlab178
Morrison, L., & Zembower, T. R. (2020). Antimicrobial Resistance. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America, 30(4), 619–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2020.06.004
Nalon, E., & Stevenson, P. (2019). Addressing Lameness in Farmed Animals: An Urgent Need to Achieve Compliance with EU Animal Welfare Law. Animals (Basel), 9(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080576
Omolo, J. O., Omani, R., Caudell, M. A., Kimani, T., Kiambi, S., & Fasina, F. O. (2024). Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices on Antimicrobial Use in Animals Among Livestock Sector Stakeholders in Kenya. Veterinary Medicine International, 2024(1), 8871774. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8871774
Pereira, N. R., Castro-Sanchez, E., & Nathwani, D. (2017). How can Multi-Professional Education Support Better Stewardship? Infectious Disease Reports, 9(1), 6917. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2017.6917
Pham-Duc, P., Cook, M. A., Cong-Hong, H., Nguyen-Thuy, H., Padungtod, P., Nguyen-Thi, H., & Dang-Xuan, S. (2019). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of livestock and aquaculture producers regarding antimicrobial use and resistance in Vietnam. PLOS ONE, 14(9), e0223115. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223115
Posit team, P. team. (2025). RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R [Computer software]. Posit Software, PBC. http://www.posit.co/
Prosser, N. S., Monaghan, E. M., Green, L. E., & Purdy, K. J. (2020). Serogroups of Dichelobacter nodosus, the cause of footrot in sheep, are randomly distributed across England. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 16823. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73750-5
R Core Team, R. C. T. (2024). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
Rahman, S., & Hollis, A. (2023). The effect of antibiotic usage on resistance in humans and food-producing animals: A longitudinal, One Health analysis using European data. Front Public Health, 11, 1170426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170426
Robcis, R., Ferchiou, A., Berrada, M., Ndiaye, Y., Herman, N., Lhermie, G., & Raboisson, D. (2023). Cost of lameness in dairy herds: An integrated bioeconomic modeling approach. J Dairy Sci, 106(4), 2519–2534. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22446
Robcis, R., Ferchiou, A., Berrada, M., & Raboisson, D. (2023). Management of Digital Dermatitis in Dairy Herds: Optimization and Time Allocation. Animals (Basel), 13(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121988
Solano, L., Barkema, H. W., Pickel, C., & Orsel, K. (2017). Effectiveness of a standardized footbath protocol for prevention of digital dermatitis. J Dairy Sci, 100(2), 1295–1307. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11464
Zanolari, P., Dürr, S., Jores, J., Steiner, A., & Kuhnert, P. (2021). Ovine footrot: A review of current knowledge. Vet J, 271, 105647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105647
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.106218
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1242
| 
views : 534
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) ISSN (print) 2460-9447, ISSN (online) 2541-5883