Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) dan Communication Apprehension (CA) pada Remaja Tunagrahita Jenjang SD di SLBN Salatiga
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of PECS on verbal communication skills of adolescent tunagrahita and test the difference of anxiety verbal communication adolescent tunagrahita based on gender. Experimental design for verbal communication skills used Analysis of Covariance with Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) based on 6 phases of pre and post-test. The subjects of this research were seven elementary students. Data collection used the Measure of Elementary Communication Apprehension (MECA) questionnaire and be analyzed using Covariance Analysis, verbal communication anxiety pre, and post-test analyzed by Wilxocon and the difference verbal communication anxiety by sex analyzed by Mann Whitney U. The results of this study show that PECS can improve verbal communication skills and affect verbal communication anxiety in elementary school adolescent with intellectual disability and also differ based on sex
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh PECS terhadap keterampilan kemampuan komunikasi verbal remaja tunagrahita dan menguji perbedaan kecemasan komunikasi verbal remaja tunagrahita berdasar jenis kelamin. Desain eksperimen untuk data keterampilan komunikasi verbal menggunakan analisis Dwi Ragam dengan rancangan dasar RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) berdasarkan enam tahapan pra dan paska uji. Partisipan penelitian sebanyak tujuh siswa SD. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Measure of Elementary Communication Apprehension (MECA) selanjutnya menggunakan Analisis Dwi Ragam, uji perbedaan kecemasan komunikasi verbal pra dan paska uji menggunakan uji Wilxocon dan uji perbedaan kecemasan komunikasi verbal berdasar jenis kelamin menggunakan uji Mann Whitney U. Hasil yang ditemukan PECS dapat meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi verbal dan juga kecemasan komunikasi verbal pada remaja tunagrahita jenjang SD berdasar jenis kelamin.Keywords
DOI: 10.22146/jpsi.33607
References
Anggraini, V. D. (2016). Pendekatan Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) terhadap kemampuan bicara dan komunikasi program kebutuhan khusus pada siswa autis di SLB. Skripsi (tidak dipublikasikan). Surabaya: Jurusan Pendidikan Luar Biasa, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya.
Balai Pengembangan Pendidikan Khusus (BP-DIKSUS). (2016). Data statistik siswa. Diunduh dari: http://www.bp2klk.org/v2/index.php?page=siswa/tanggal 17 Februari 2017.
Bernard-Opitz, V., Sriram, N., & Nakhoda-Sapuan, S. (2001). Enhancing social problem solving in children with autism and normal children through computer-assisted instruction. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 377–384. doi: 10.1023/ A:1010660 502130
Beukelman, D. R, & Mirenda, P. (2013). Augmentative and alternative communication: Supporting children and adults with complex communication needs. Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
Bondy, A., & Frost, L. (1994). The picture exchange communication system. Focus on Austism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 9(3), 1-19. doi: 10.1177/108835769400900301
Bondy, A., & Frost, L. (2011). A picture’s worth: PECS and other visual communication strategi in autism (2nd ed.). Woodbine House: Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data.
Cummings, A. R., Carr, J. E., & LeBlane, L. A. (2011). Experimental evaluation of the training structure of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder, 6, 32-45. doi: 10.1016/ j.rasd. 2011.08.006
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (DEPKES-RI). (2010). Pedoman pelayanan kesehatan anak di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB). Diunduh dari: http:// www.depkes.go.id//IndonesiaNasional.pdf/tanggal 17 Februari 2017.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2014). Penyandang disabilitas pada anak. Diunduh dari: http://www. depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin_disabilitas.pdf/tanggal 17 Februari 2017.
Dzioba, A. (2014). Exploring communication apprehension and its relationship to communication attitude and socio-communicative functioning in children with velopharyngeal insufficiency. London, Ontario, Canada: The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, The University of Western Ontario.
Garrison, K. R., & Garrison, J. P. (1977). Measurement of communication apprehension among children. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Asso-ciation. Jerman, Berlin, 29 Mei-4 Juni.
Geniofam. (2010). Mengasuh dan mensukseskan anak berkebutuhan khusus. Yogyakarta: Gara Ilmu.
Hallahan, D. P., & Kauffman, J. M. (2006). Exceptional learners: An introduction to special education (10th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Hart, J. E., & Whalon, K. J. (2008). Promote academic engagement and communication of students with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive settings. Intervention in School and Clinic, 44(3), 116–120.
Humaira, D. (2012). Pelaksanaan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi anak tunagrahita ringan kelas III di SLB Sabiluna Pariaman. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Khusus, 1(3), 95-109.
Lumbantobing, S. M. (2006). Anak dengan mental terbelakang: Retardasi mental, gangguan belajar, gangguan pemusatan perhatian. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FK-UI.
McCroskey, J.C. (1984). The communication apprehension perspective. Journal of Communication Quarterly, 24(1), 13-38.
Murwati, A. (2013). Meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi meminta pada anak autis melalui media PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System). Tidak dipublikasikan. Surakarta: Program Pendidikan Magister Psikologi Profesi Fakultas Psikologi-UMS.
Neely, L., Rispoli, M., Camargo, S., Davis, H., & Boles, M. (2013). The effect of instructional use of an iPad on challenging behavior and academic engagement for two students with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(4), 509–516.
Nida, F. L. K. (2013). Komunikasi bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus. Jurnal Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam, 1(2), 163-189.
Rehfeldt, R. A., & Root, S. L. (2005). Establishing derived requesting skills in adults with severe developmental disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38, 101-105. doi: 10.1901/ jaba.2005.106-03
Ruslan, R. (2008). Manajemen public relations and media komunikasi. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Rusman. (2009). Manajemen kurikulum. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Santrock, J. W. (2007). Child development (11th ed.). Jakarta: Erlangga.
Somantri, S. (2006). Psikologi anak luar biasa. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Stoner, J. B., Beck, A. R., Bock, S. J., Hickey, K., Kosuwan, K., & Thompson, J. R. (2006). The effectiveness of the picture exchange communication system with non-speaking adults. Remedial and Special Education, 27(3), 154-165.
Weiten, W., Lloyd, M., Dunn, D., & Hammer, E. (2009). Psychology applied to modern life. USA: Wadsworth Cengange Learning.
West, R., & Turner, L. H. (2009). Teori komunikasi. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Psikologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Email this article 
