Email this article 
Predictors of Postpartum Depression: The Role of Emotion Regulation, Maternal Self-Confidence, and Marital Satisfaction on Postpartum Depression
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.46603 Siti Muthia Dinni(1*), difa Ardiyanti(2)
(1) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
(2) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a serious mother’s mental health problem that may endanger the safety of mother and her child. This study aimed to identify whether emotion regulation, maternal self-confidence, and marital satisfaction could be a significant predictor of PPD. The participants of this study were 100 women who gave birth in the past 2-24 weeks. Research instruments presented via online platform, comprised of: ASIPP (Alat Asesmen Ibu Postpartum/Postpartum Maternal Assessment Tool containing the Emotion Regulation Scale, the Maternal Self-Confidence Scale, and the Marital Satisfaction Scale) and the early detection scale for postpartum depression. Regression analysis showed that only maternal self-confidence and emotional regulation were proven significant in simultaneously predicting PPD, while marital satisfaction was not proven to significantly predict PPD either partially or simultaneously. This finding suggested that psychological prevention programs for postpartum mothers were better focused on encouraging maternal self-confidence and emotion regulation ability of the mothers.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abadi, A. M., Fallahchai, R., & Askari, M. (2014). The relationship between marital satisfaction and postpartum depression in women who visited health centers in Bandar Abbas city. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 4(3), 120-124.
Aydemir, S., & Onan, N. (2020). The relationship between maternal self-confidence and postpartum depression in primipara mothers: A follow-up study. Community Mental Health Journal. doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00588-6
Al Nasr, R. S., Altharwi, K., Derbah, M. S., Gharibo, S. O., Fallatah, S. A., Alotaibi, S. G., Almutairi, K. A., Asdaq, S. M. B. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study. PLOS ONE, 15(2), e0228666. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228666.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Wahington DC: APA.
Ardiyanti, D. & Dinni, S. M. (2019). Pengembangan ASIPP (Alat Asesmen Ibu Postpartum) menggunakan permodelan RASCH. Jurnal Psikologi UNDIP, 18(2), 116-136.
Ardiyanti, D. & Dinni, S. M. (2018). Aplikasi model rasch dalam pengembangan instrumen deteksi dini postpartum depression. Jurnal Psikologi UGM, 45(2), 81 – 97. doi: 10.22146/jpsi.29818.
Babore, A., Bramanti, S.M., Lombardi, L., Stuppia, L., Trumello, C., Antorucci, I., Cavallo, A. (2019). The role of depression and emotion regulation on parenting stress in a sample of mothers with cancer. Support Care Cancer, 27, 1271–1277. doi: 10.1007/s00520-018-4611-5.
Beck, C. T. (2001). Predictors of postpartum depression. Nursing Research, 50(5), 275–285. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004.
Bener, A., Burgut, F. T., Ghuloum, S., & Sheikh, J. (2012). A study of postpartum depression in a fast developing country: Prevalence and related factors. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 43(4), 325–337. doi: 10.2190/pm.43.4.c.
Bick, D., Mac Arthur, C., Knowles, H., & Winter, H. (2001). Post natal care, evidence and guidelines for management. London : Churchill Livingstone.
Bobak. (2005). Buku ajar keperawatan maternitas, edisi 4. Jakarta : EGC.
Brito, C. N., Alves, S. V., Ludermir, A. B., Araujo, T. V. (2015). Postpartum depression among women with unitended pregnancy. Revista De Saude Rublica, 49(33). doi: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005257.
Choi, Y. J., Bishai, D., & Minkovit, C. S. (2009). Multiple births are a risk factor for postpartum maternal depressive symptoms. Pediatric, 123(4), 1147-1154.
Compare, A., Zarbo, C., Shonin, E., Van Gordon, W., & Marconi, C. (2014). Emotional regulation and depression: A potential mediator between heart and mind. Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology, 1-10. doi: 10.1155/2014/324374.
Da Costa, D., Larouche, J., Dritsa, M., & Brender, W. (2000). Psychosocial correlates of prepartum and postpartum depressed mood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 59(1), 31–40. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00128-7.
Delice, A. (2010). The sampling issues in quantitative research. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri / Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 10(4), 2001-2018.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2007). Pharmaceutical care untuk penderita gangguan depresif. Jakarta : Depkes RI.
Dolbier, C. L., Rush, T. E., Sahadeo, L. S., Shaffer, M. L., & Thorp, J. (2012). Relationships of race and socioeconomic status to postpartum depressive symptoms in rural African American and non-Hispanic white women. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(7), 1277–1287. doi: 10.1007/s10995-012-1123-7.
Draper, N. R. & Smith, H. (1998). Applied regression analysis, 3rd Edition. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gilbert, E. S. & Harmon, J. S. (2003). Manual of high risk pregnancy and delivery, 3th Edition. Missouri : Mosby Elsevier.
Guintivano, J., Manuck, T., & Meltzer-Brody, S. (2018). Predictors of postpartum depression. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1. doi: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000368
Fatmawati, D. A. (2015), Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian postpartum blues. Jurnal EduHelath, 5(2), 82-93.
Feeney, J., Alexander, R., Noller, P., & Hohaus, L. (2003). Attachment insecurity, depression, and the transition to parenthood. Personal Relationships, 10(4), 475–493. doi: 10.1046/j.1475-6811.2003.00061.x
Fischer, A. H. (2000). Gender and Emotion : Social psychological perspectives. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Fowers, J. & Olson, D. H. (1993). ENRICH marital satisfaction scale: A brief research and clinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), 176-185.
Gaillard, A., Le Strat, Y., Mandelbrot, L., Keïta, H., & Dubertret, C. (2014). Predictors of postpartum depression: Prospective study of 264 women followed during pregnancy and postpartum. Psychiatry Research, 215(2), 341–346. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.003.
Goyal, D., Gay, C., & Lee, K. A. (2010). How much does low socioeconomic status increase the risk of prenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms in first-time mothers? Women’s Health Issues, 20(2), 96–104. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2009.11.003.
Gremigni, P., Mariani, L., Marracino, V.,Tranquilli, A.,L., Turi, A. (2011). Partner support and postpartum depressive symptoms. Journal Psychosomatic Obstetric Gynaecological, 32, 135–40.
Gress-Smith, J. L., Luecken, L. J., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Howe, R. (2011). Postpartum depression prevalence and impact on infant health, weight, and sleep in low-Income and ethnic minority women and infants. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(4), 887–893. doi: 10.1007/s10995-011-0812-y.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.
Gross, J. J. & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Handbook of emotional regulation. New York: Guilford Press.
Grussu, P.,Quatraro, R., M. (2009). Prevalence and risk factors for a high level of postnatal depression symptomatology in Italian women: a sample drawn from ante-natal classes. European Psychiatry, 24, 327–33.
Haga, S. M. (2011). Identifying risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms: the importance of social support, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation. Phd Thesis University of Oslo. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-30338.
Haga, S. M., Ulleberg, P., Slinning, K., Kraft, P., Steen, T. B., & Staff, A. (2012). A longitudinal study of postpartum depressive symptoms: multilevel growth curve analyses of emotion regulation strategies, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and social support. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 15(3), 175–184. doi: 10.1007/s00737-012-0274-2.
Hawes, K., McGowan, E., O'Donnell, M., Tucker, R., & Vohr, B. (2016). Social emotional factors increase risk of postpartum depression in mothers of preterm infants. Journal of Pediatric, 179, 61-67.
Ho, C.-L., Chang, L.-I., & Wan, K.-S. (2013). The relationships between postpartum adaptation and postpartum depression symptoms of first pregnancy mothers in Taiwan. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 45(1), 1–13. doi: 10.2190/pm.45.1.a.
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). doi: 10.9707/2307-0919.1014.
Joormann, J. (2010). Cognitive inhibition and emotion regulation in depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 161–166. doi: 10.1177/0963721410370293.
Joormann, J. & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression : Relation to cognitive inhibition. Journal Cognition and Emotion, 24(2), 281-298.
Houston, K. A., Kaimal, A. J., Nakagawa, S., Gregorich, S. E., Yee, L. M., & Kuppermann, M. (2015). Mode of delivery and postpartum depression: the role of patient preferences. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 212(2), 229.e1–229.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.09.002.
Katon, W., Russo, J., & Gavin, A. (2014). Predictors of postpartum depression. Journal of Women’s Health, 23(9), 753-759.
Kiani, F., Khadivzadeh, T., Sargolzaee, M. R., & Behnam, H. (2010). Relationship between marital satisfaction during pregnancy and postpartum depression (PPD). Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 13(5), 3744.
Kim, P. & Swain, J. E. (2007). Sad dads: Paternal postpartum depression. Psychiatry (edgmont), 4(2), 35-47.
Klainin, P., & Arthur, D. G. (2009). Postpartum depression in Asian cultures: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(10), 1355–1373. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.02.012
Kring, A. M., & Werner, K. H. (2004). Emotion regulation and psychopathology. dalam P. Philippot & R. S. Feldman (Eds.), The regulation of emotion (pp. 359-385). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Lauster, P. (2006). Tes kepribadian (Terjemahan: D.H Gulo). Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Leahy-Warren, P., McCarthy, G., & Corcoran, P. (2011). First-time mothers: Social support, maternal parental self-efficacy and postnatal depression. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(3-4), 388-397
Liu, C.-C., Chen, Y.-C., Yeh, Y.-P., & Hsieh, Y.-S. (2011). Effects of maternal confidence and competence on maternal parenting stress in newborn care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(4), 908–918. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05796.x.
Maliszewska, K., Swiatkowska-Freund, M., Bidzan, M., & Preis, K. (2016). Relationship, social support, and personality as psychosocial determinants of the risk for postpartum blues. Ginekologia Polska, 87(6), 442-447. doi: 10.5603/GP.2016.0023
Mangundjaya, W.(2010). Is there cultural change in the national cultures of Indonesia? In steering Cultural Dynamics. Conference paper, Congress of the International Association for Cross Cultural Psychology, Melbourne, Australia, 7-10 Juli 2010. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
Miller, R. B., Mason, T. M., Canlas, J. M., Wang, D., Nelson, D. A., & Hart, C. H. (2013). Marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms in China. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(4), 677–682. doi: 10.1037/a0033333.
Mirghafourvand, M., & Bagherinia, M. (2017). Relationship between maternal self-efficacy and functional status four months after delivery in Iranian primiparous women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1–8. doi: 10.1080/0167482x.2017.1394290.
Milgrom, J., Gemmill, A. W., Bilszta, J. L., Hayes, B., Barnett, B., Brooks, J., Ericksen, J., Ellwood, D., Buist, A. (2008). Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: A large prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 108(1-2), 147–157. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.014.
Mohammad, K. I., Gamble, J., & Creedy, D. K. (2011). Prevalence and factors associated with the development of antenatal and postnatal depression among Jordanian women. Midwifery, 27(6), 238–245. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2010.10.008.
Mori E, Iwata H, Sakajo A, Maehara K, Ozawa H, Maekawa T, Morita A, & Saeki A. (2015). Postpartum experiences of older Japanese primiparas during the first month after childbirth. International. Journal of Nursing Practice, 20(1), 20–31.
Munaf, S., & Siddiqui, B. (2013). Relationship of post-natal depression with life and marital satisfaction and its comparison in joint and nuclear family system. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 733 – 738.
Nelson A.M. (2003) Transition to motherhood. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 32, 465–477.
Newland, R. P., & Parade, S. H. (2016). Screening and treatment of postpartum depression: Impact on children and families. The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 32(1), 4-6.
Nurbaeti, I., Deoisres, W., Hengudomsub, P. (2018). Postpartum depression in Indonesian mother : Its change and predicting factors. Pacific Rim International Journal Nursing Research, 22(2), 93-105
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x.
Noorhayati, M. N., Nik Hazlina, N. H., Asrenee, A. R., & Wan Emilin, W. M. A. (2015). Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: A literature review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 34–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.041.
Odinka, J. I., Nwoke, M., Chukwuorji, J. C., Egbuagu, K., Mefoh, P., Odinka, P. C., & Muomah, R. C. (2018). Post-partum depression, anxiety and marital satisfaction: A perspective from Southeastern Nigeria. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 24. doi: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v24i0.1109
Oktaputrining, D., Susandi C., & Suroso, S. (2017). Post partum blues: pentingnya dukungan sosial dan kepuasan pernikahan pada ibu primipara. Psikodimensia, 16(2), 151-157.
O’Hara, M. W., & McCabe, J. E. (2013). Postpartum depression: current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 379–407. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612.
Olson, D. H. & Olson, A. K. (2000). Empowering couples: Building on your strengths. Minneapolis: Life Innovations, Inc.
O’Neil, J., Wilson, M. N., Shaw, D. S., & Dishion, T. J. (2009). The relationship between parental efficacy and depressive symptoms in a diverse sample of low income mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18(6), 643–652.
Ongeri, L., Wanga, V., Otieno, P., Mbui, J., Juma, E., Stoep, A. V., & Mathai, M. (2018). Demographic, psychosocial and clinical factors associated with postpartum depression in Kenyan women. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1904-7.
Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2001). Metacognitive beliefs about rumination in recurrent major depression. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 8(2), 160–164. doi: 10.1016/s1077-7229(01)80021-3.
Ransam, M., & George, L. (2017). Effects of postnatal depression on infant development. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(8), 546552.
Reck, C., Noe, D., Gerstenlauer, J., & Stehle, E. (2012). Effects of postpartum anxiety disorders and depression on maternal self-confidence. Infant Behavior and Development, 3(2), 264272. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.12.005.
Russell, K. (2006). Maternal confidence of first time mothers during their child’s infancy. Dissertation. Georgia : Georgia State University.
Saxton, L. (1986). The individual, marriage and the family. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Schiller, C. E., Meltzer-Brody, S., Rubinow, D. R. (2015). The role of reproductive hormones in postpartum depression. CNS Spectrums 20(1), 48-59.
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., Campbell, L., Tran, S., & Wilson, C. L. (2003). Adult attachment, the transition to parenthood, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1172-1187.
Skalkidou, A., Hellgren, C., Comasco, E., Sylvén, S., & Poromaa, I. S. (2012). Biological aspects of postpartum depression. Women’s Health, 8(6), 659–672.
Stewart, D. E., & Vigod, S. (2016). Postpartum depression. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(22), 2177–2186. doi: 10.1056/nejmcp1607649.
Sumintono, B., & Widhiarso, W. (2014). Aplikasi model Rasch untuk penelitian ilmu-ilmu sosial. Jakarta: Tim Komunikata Publishing House.
Thompson, K. S. & Fox, J. E. (2010). Post-partum depression : a comprehensive approach to evaluation and treatment. Mental Health in Family Madicine, 7(4), 249-57.
Veisani, Y., Delpisheh, A., Sayehmiri, K., & Rezaeian, S. (2013). Trends of postpartum depression in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Depression Research and Treatment, 1–8. doi: 10.1155/2013/291029.
Visted, E., Vøllestad, J., Nielsen, M. B., & Schanche, E. (2018). Emotion regulation in current and remitted depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(756), 1-20. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00756.
Wang, L. (1994). Marriage and family therapy with people from China. Contemporary Family Therapy, 16, 25–37. doi: 10.1007/BF02197600.
Yim, I. S., Tanner Stapleton, L. R., Guardino, C. M., Hahn-Holbrook, J., & Dunkel Schetter, C. (2015). Biological and psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression: systematic review and call for integration. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11(1), 99–137. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-101414-020426.
Zare Z, Golmakani N, Shareh H, Shakeri MT, Khadem Ghaebi N. (2014). Factors related to marital satisfaction in primiparous women during postpartum period. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2(2), 120-127. doi : 10.22038/JMRH.2014.2266.
Zubaran, C., Schumacher, M., Roxo, M. R., & Foresti, K. (2010). Screening tools for postpartum depression: Validity and cultural dimensions. African Journal of Psychiatry, 13, 357-365.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.46603
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 9776
| 
views : 6313
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Psikologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Recent Issues
 | | | | ||||
| Vol 51 Issue 1 (2024) Page 1-119 | Vol 50 Issue 3 (2023) Page 219-332 | Vol 50 Issue 2 (2023) Page 125-218 | Vol 50 Issue 1 (2023) Page 1-124 |
| Published by Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Building D-6th, Floor No. D-606. Jl. Sosio Humaniora No. 1, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, 55281 Email: jurnalpsikologi@ugm.ac.id Phone/whatsApp: +6281125210175 |
