Quality of Work Life (QWL) From Psychological Perspective and The Development of Its Measurement

Bagus Riyono; Sri Hartati; Fatdina Fatdina

doi:10.22146/jpsi.67973

Quality of Work Life (QWL) From Psychological Perspective and The Development of Its Measurement

Bagus Riyono, Sri Hartati, Fatdina Fatdina

(Submitted 27 July 2021)

(Published 25 April 2022)

Abstract

One strategy that can integrate the interests of the company and the interests of employees is the implementation of Quality of Work Life (QWL). This study aimed to construct a new theory of QWL from the psychological perspective and develop its standardized measuring instrument that can be used to assess the implementation of QWL as a strategy to improve employee well-being and, at the same time, increase productivity. This study was conducted in two steps. First, meta-ethnography was adopted to construct the psychological elements of QWL. Further in the second step, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the construct validity of the QWL instrument. Five basic psychological constructs that represent QWL were obtained from the meta-ethnography: “trust”, “care”, “respect”, “learn”, and “contribute”, and for each construct was measured by five items. CFAof these five constructs involving 675 employees showed that the QWL instrument is valid and reliable. SEM model with five aspects consisting of five items each, fit with the research data (CFI= 0.89, RMSEA= 0.07). The QWL measuring instrument in this study is suggested to be studied further as a predictor of variables related to organizational behavior, such as job satisfaction, OCB, and work engagement.

Keywords

job design; job satisfaction; OCB; QWL; turn-over; work engagement

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.22146/jpsi.67973

References

Allen, M. (2017). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods. SAGE Publications.

Alserhan, H., Al-Adamata, A., &Al-Adamat, O. (2021). The mediating effect of employee happiness on the relationship between quality of work-life and employee intention to quit: A study on fast-food restaurants in Jordan. Management Science Letters, 11, 933–938

Anderson, M. & Brooks, B. (2005). Defining quality of nursing work life. Nursing Economics, 23(6), 319-326. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7314185

Armstrong, M. (2010). Armstrong’s essential: Human resource management practice: A guide to people management. Koganpage.

Bernardin, H. J., & Russel, J. E. (1993). Human resource management: An experiential approach. McGraw-Hill.

Bolon, D. S. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior among hospital employees: A multidimensional analysis involving job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Hospital & Health Services Administration. 42(2), 221-242.

Bruce, E. M., Lau, R. S. M., and Stephen K. J. (1999). A longitudinal study of quality of work life and business performance. Business Review, 58(2), 3-7.

Cascio, W. F. (1998). Applied psychology in human resource management. Prentice-Hall.

Cascio, W. F., & Aguinis, H. (2008). Research in industrial and organizational psychology from 1963 to 2007: Changes, choices, and trends. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1062-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1062

Chander, S. & Singh, P. (1983). Quality of work life in a university: An empirical investigation. Management and Labour Studies, 18(2), 97-101.

Covey, S. M. R. (2006). The speed of trust: The one thing that changes everything. Free Press.

Diaz-Saenz, H. R. (2011). Transformational Leadership. The Sage Handbook of Leadership. Sage Pub.

Dwatra, F. D., & Riyono, B. (2016). Peran struktur anchor sebagai moderator terhadap hubungan quality of work life (QWL) dengan komitmen afektif [Tesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/102791

France, E. F., Cunningham, M., Ring, N., et al. (2019). Improving reporting of meta-ethnography: the eMERGe reporting guidance. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 19(25). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0600-0

Fu, H. (2014). Does employee perceived reputation contribute to citizenship behavior? The mediating role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 264(4), 593-609.

Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7

Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: how do you motivate employees?. Harvard Business Review, 46, 53-62.

Hughes, J. E. (2006). Inherited Trust: The Influence of Felt Trustworthiness on Trust in Third Party. [Dissertation, Touro Univeristy International]. California: Faculty of the College of Business Administration Of Touro University International.

Huzzard T. (2003). The convergence of the quality of working life and competitiveness, Stockholm: National Institute forWorking Life

Ibrahim, M. A. & Aslinda, A. (2013). Relationship between organizational commitment and orgnaizational citizenship behavior (OCB) at government-owned corporation companies. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 3(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v3i3.4379

Keller, R. T. (2001). Cross-functional project groups in research and new product development: Diversity, communications, job stress, and outcomes. The Academy of Management Journal, 44(3), 547-555.

Kõrreveski, K. (2010). Subjective measure of quality of work life. Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics Estonia, 4(10), 18-22.

Lawler, E. E. (1982). Strategies for improving the quality of work life. American Psychologist, 37, 486-693.

LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 52-65.

Lussier, R. N. (2008). Management fundamentals: Concepts, applications, skill development (5th edition). Cengage Learning.

Luthans, F. (1995). Organizational behavior (7th Ed). McGraw-Hill.

Marshall, L. J., Mobley, S., & Calvert, G. (1995). Why smart organizations don’t learn. In S. Chawla & J. Rensch (Eds.), Learning organizations: Developing cultures for tomorrow’s workplace (pp. 111-122). Productivity Press.

Mayo, E. (1933). The human problems of an industrial civilization. The Macmillan Company.

Meenakshi, G. & Parul, S. (2011), Factor credentials boosting quality of work life of BSNL employees in jammu region. Sri Krishna International Research & Educational Consortium. Asia Pacific Journal of Research in Business Management, 2(1), 79-89

Mirkamali, S. M. & Thani, F. N. (2011). A study on the quality of work life (QWL) among faculty members of University of Tehran (UT) and Sharif University of Technology (SUT). Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 179-187.

Mirvis, P. H. & Lawler, E. E. (1984). Accounting for the quality of work life. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 5, 197-212.

Muchinsky, P. M. (2003). Psychology applied to work: An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology (seventh edition). Wadsworth.

Ormrod, J. E. (2004). Human learning (fourth edition). Pearson.

Pascale, Richard & Athos, A., (1981). The art of japanese management. Simon & Schuster.

Pavalache-Ilie, M. (2014). Organizational citizenship behavior, work satisfaction and employees’ personality. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 489-493.

Permarupan, P. Y., Al Mamun, A., Samy, N. K., dkk. (2020). Predicting Nurses Burnout through Quality of Work Life and Psychological Empowerment: A Study Towards Sustainable Healthcare Services in Malaysia. Sustainability, 12, 388, http://doi.org/10.3390/su12010388

Rahman, M. M., Abdul, M., Ali, Uddin, M. J.,& Rahaman, S. M. (2017). Employees’ retention strategy on quality of work life (QWL) dimensions of private commercial banks in Bangladesh. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 25(2), 647-662.

Rethinam, G.S., & Ismail, M. (2008). Constructs of quality of work life: A perspective of information and technology professionals. European Journal of Social Science, 7(1), 58-70.

Riyono, B. (1997). Sistem manajemen yang manusiawi. Jurnal Psikologi, 5(1), 1-5.

Scott, M., Swortzel, K.A., & Taylor, W. A. (2005). Extension agents’ perceptions of fundamental job characteristics and their level of job satisfaction. Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research, 55(1), 88-101.

Scully, J. A., Kirkpatrick, S. A., & Locke, E. A. (1995). Locus of knowledge as a determinant of the effects of participation on performance, affect, and perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 61(3), 276–288. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1995.1022

Serey, T. T. (2006). Choosing a robust quality of work life. Business Forum, 27(2), 7-10. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/choosing-robust-quality-work-life/docview/210211397/se-2?accountid=13771

Sirgy, M. J., Efraty., D., Siegel, P., Lee, D. J. (2001). A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social Indicators Research, 55, 241-302. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010986923468

Spreitzer, G. M., Mishra, A. K. (2002). To stay or to go: Voluntary survivor turnover following an organizational downsizing. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 707–729. https://doi.org//10.1002/job.166

Storey, J., Ulrich, D., Wright, P. (2019). Strategic human resource management: A research overview. Routledge.

Ulrich, D. (1997). Human resources champions. Harvard Business School Press.

Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in organization (sixth edition). Pearson.

Yuliawan, T. P., & Himam, F. (2007), The grasshopper phenomenon: Studi kasus terhadap profesional yang sering berpindah-pindah pekerjaan. Jurnal Psikologi, 34(1), 76-88.

Taris, T. W. & Schreurs, P. J. G. (2009). Well-being and organizational performance: An organizational-level test of the happy-productive worker hypothesis. Work & Stress: An International Journal of Work, Health, and Organizations, 23(2), 120-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370903072555

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.