Knowledge, attitude and behavior of antibiotic use among the population of Ho Chi Minh City: A cross-sectional study in 2024
KAP of antibiotic use among Vietnamese people
Keywords:
Antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance, Attitude, Behavior, Knowledge
Abstract
Antibiotics are a great invention, and their birth marks a new era of medical advancement in treating infectious diseases. However, inappropriate use of antibiotics is a threat to global health and development. A descriptive cross-sectional survey using a convenience sampling method was conducted on 589 people in Ho Chi Minh City from April to June 2024. Among 589 people in Ho Chi Minh City with an average age of 34.86 ± 14.74, most participants were female (54.84%), college and above (75.72%), single (64.01%) and used antibiotics in the past year (75.04%). The total average scores of knowledges, attitude and behavior were 66.03 ± 22.28, 69.51 ± 16.81, and 76.42 ± 15.79, respectively. Linear regression results show that occupational, antibiotic use in the past year is related to knowledge (p < 0.05), and antibiotic use in the past year is related to attitude and behavior of antibiotic use (p < 0.05). People in Ho Chi Minh City have average-high levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding antibiotic use. There are differences in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors between groups of participants with different characteristics.
References
Awad, A. I., & Aboud, E. A. (2015). Knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotic use among the public in Kuwait. PloS one, 10(2), e0117910. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117910
Barnsteiner, S., Baty, F., Albrich, W. C., Flury, B. B., Gasser, M., Plüss-Suard, C.,…Kohler, P. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in intensive care units, Switzerland, 2009 to 2018. Eurosurveillance, 26(46), 2001537. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.46.2001537
Bentley, R., & Bennett, J. (2003). What is an antibiotic? Revisited. In: Laskin, AI Bennett, JW Gadd, GM.
Ministry of Health. (2015). Hướng dẫn sử dụng kháng sinh.
Ministry of Health. (2017). Bộ Y tế. Quyết định 4041/QĐ-BYT ngày 07 tháng 09 năm 2017 của Bộ trưởng Bộ Y tế về việc ban hành Đề án tăng cường kiểm soát kê đơn thuốc và bán thuốc kê đơn giai đoạn 2017-2020. Bộ Y tế
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford publications.
Population and Family Planning Sub-department. (2023). Tổng dân số thành phố Hồ Chí Minh hiện nay bao nhiêu? Retrieved 21/08 from https://dansohcm.gov.vn/tin-chuyen-nghanh/12033/tong-dan-tp-hcm-hien-nay-bao-nhieu/
Daniel, W. (1999). Biostatistics: A Foundation for analysis in the health sciences, 7th edR Wiley. New York, 141(2).
Gravetter, F., & Wallnau, L. (2017). Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences 10th. Statistic for The Behavioral Science.
Higuita-Gutiérrez, L. F., Roncancio Villamil, G. E., & Jiménez Quiceno, J. N. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance among medical students in Colombia: A cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC public health, 20, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09971-0
Hooper, D. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis. In: Chen, H. (Ed.). Approaches to Quantitative Research – Theory and its Practical Application: A Guide to Dissertation Students. Technological University Dublin.
Karuniawati, H., Hassali, M. A. A., Suryawati, S., Ismail, W. I., Taufik, T., & Hossain, M. S. (2021). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotic use among the population of Boyolali, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(16), 8258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168258
Klein, E. Y., Van Boeckel, T. P., Martinez, E. M., Pant, S., Gandra, S., Levin, S. A.,…Laxminarayan, R. (2018). Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(15), E3463-E3470. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.171729511
Minh Vien, L. T., Baker, S., Phuong Thao, L. T., Phuong Tu, L. T., Thu Thuy, C., Thu Nga, T. T.,…Trong Hieu, N. (2009). High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in commensal members of the Enterobacteriaceae in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Journal of medical Microbiology, 58(12), 1585-1592. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.010033-0
Mouhieddine, T. H., Olleik, Z., Itani, M. M., Kawtharani, S., Nassar, H., Hassoun, R.,…Mortada, I. K. (2015). Assessing the Lebanese population for their knowledge, attitudes and practices of antibiotic usage. Journal of infection and public health, 8(1), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.07.010
Murray, C. J., Ikuta, K. S., Sharara, F., Swetschinski, L., Aguilar, G. R., Gray, A.,…Wool, E. (2022). Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. The Lancet, 399(10325), 629-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0
Nguyen, K. V., Thi Do, N. T., Chandna, A., Nguyen, T. V., Pham, C. V., Doan, P. M.,…Escalante, S. (2013). Antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies: a situation analysis for Viet Nam. BMC public health, 13(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1158
Oh, A. L., Hassali, M. A., Al-Haddad, M. S., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Shafie, A. A., & Awaisu, A. (2011). Public knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic usage: a cross-sectional study among the general public in the state of Penang, Malaysia. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 5(05), 338-347. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1502
Sampedro Restrepo, M., González Gaviria, M., Arango Bolaños, S., & Higuita-Gutiérrez, L. F. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Antibacterial and Their Resistance in Medellín-Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Antibiotics, 12(7), 1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071101
Sitotaw, B., & Philipos, W. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) on Antibiotic Use and Disposal Ways in Sidama Region, Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. ScientificWorldJournal, 2023, 8774634. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8774634
Tsang, S., Royse, C. F., & Terkawi, A. S. (2017). Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi journal of anaesthesia, 11(Suppl 1), S80. https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.SJA_203_17
Ursachi, G., Horodnic, I. A., & Zait, A. (2015). How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, 679-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00123-9
Waksman, S. A. (1973). History of the word ‘antibiotic’. Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, 28(3), 284-286. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXVIII.3.284
World Health Organization. (1998). Programme on mental health: WHOQOL user manual. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/77932
World Health Organization. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance. WHO. Retrieved 21/08/2023 from https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance
Barnsteiner, S., Baty, F., Albrich, W. C., Flury, B. B., Gasser, M., Plüss-Suard, C.,…Kohler, P. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in intensive care units, Switzerland, 2009 to 2018. Eurosurveillance, 26(46), 2001537. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.46.2001537
Bentley, R., & Bennett, J. (2003). What is an antibiotic? Revisited. In: Laskin, AI Bennett, JW Gadd, GM.
Ministry of Health. (2015). Hướng dẫn sử dụng kháng sinh.
Ministry of Health. (2017). Bộ Y tế. Quyết định 4041/QĐ-BYT ngày 07 tháng 09 năm 2017 của Bộ trưởng Bộ Y tế về việc ban hành Đề án tăng cường kiểm soát kê đơn thuốc và bán thuốc kê đơn giai đoạn 2017-2020. Bộ Y tế
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford publications.
Population and Family Planning Sub-department. (2023). Tổng dân số thành phố Hồ Chí Minh hiện nay bao nhiêu? Retrieved 21/08 from https://dansohcm.gov.vn/tin-chuyen-nghanh/12033/tong-dan-tp-hcm-hien-nay-bao-nhieu/
Daniel, W. (1999). Biostatistics: A Foundation for analysis in the health sciences, 7th edR Wiley. New York, 141(2).
Gravetter, F., & Wallnau, L. (2017). Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences 10th. Statistic for The Behavioral Science.
Higuita-Gutiérrez, L. F., Roncancio Villamil, G. E., & Jiménez Quiceno, J. N. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance among medical students in Colombia: A cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC public health, 20, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09971-0
Hooper, D. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis. In: Chen, H. (Ed.). Approaches to Quantitative Research – Theory and its Practical Application: A Guide to Dissertation Students. Technological University Dublin.
Karuniawati, H., Hassali, M. A. A., Suryawati, S., Ismail, W. I., Taufik, T., & Hossain, M. S. (2021). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotic use among the population of Boyolali, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(16), 8258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168258
Klein, E. Y., Van Boeckel, T. P., Martinez, E. M., Pant, S., Gandra, S., Levin, S. A.,…Laxminarayan, R. (2018). Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(15), E3463-E3470. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.171729511
Minh Vien, L. T., Baker, S., Phuong Thao, L. T., Phuong Tu, L. T., Thu Thuy, C., Thu Nga, T. T.,…Trong Hieu, N. (2009). High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in commensal members of the Enterobacteriaceae in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Journal of medical Microbiology, 58(12), 1585-1592. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.010033-0
Mouhieddine, T. H., Olleik, Z., Itani, M. M., Kawtharani, S., Nassar, H., Hassoun, R.,…Mortada, I. K. (2015). Assessing the Lebanese population for their knowledge, attitudes and practices of antibiotic usage. Journal of infection and public health, 8(1), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.07.010
Murray, C. J., Ikuta, K. S., Sharara, F., Swetschinski, L., Aguilar, G. R., Gray, A.,…Wool, E. (2022). Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. The Lancet, 399(10325), 629-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0
Nguyen, K. V., Thi Do, N. T., Chandna, A., Nguyen, T. V., Pham, C. V., Doan, P. M.,…Escalante, S. (2013). Antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies: a situation analysis for Viet Nam. BMC public health, 13(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1158
Oh, A. L., Hassali, M. A., Al-Haddad, M. S., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Shafie, A. A., & Awaisu, A. (2011). Public knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic usage: a cross-sectional study among the general public in the state of Penang, Malaysia. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 5(05), 338-347. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1502
Sampedro Restrepo, M., González Gaviria, M., Arango Bolaños, S., & Higuita-Gutiérrez, L. F. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Antibacterial and Their Resistance in Medellín-Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Antibiotics, 12(7), 1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071101
Sitotaw, B., & Philipos, W. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) on Antibiotic Use and Disposal Ways in Sidama Region, Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. ScientificWorldJournal, 2023, 8774634. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8774634
Tsang, S., Royse, C. F., & Terkawi, A. S. (2017). Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi journal of anaesthesia, 11(Suppl 1), S80. https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.SJA_203_17
Ursachi, G., Horodnic, I. A., & Zait, A. (2015). How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, 679-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00123-9
Waksman, S. A. (1973). History of the word ‘antibiotic’. Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, 28(3), 284-286. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXVIII.3.284
World Health Organization. (1998). Programme on mental health: WHOQOL user manual. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/77932
World Health Organization. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance. WHO. Retrieved 21/08/2023 from https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance
Published
2026-03-03
How to Cite
Nguyen , U. T. H., Nguyen , C. D. Q., Bui , H. T., & Le , T. T. Q. (2026). Knowledge, attitude and behavior of antibiotic use among the population of Ho Chi Minh City: A cross-sectional study in 2024. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 37(1), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.17616
Section
Research Article
