Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

The Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Issues (JILI) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and academic integrity. This statement describes the ethical principles and responsibilities of all parties involved in the publication process, including authors, editors, peer reviewers, and the publisher.
JILI promotes transparency, accountability, and scholarly responsibility throughout all stages of publication.

1. Research Integrity

JILI upholds high standards of research quality and expects all authors to comply with the Journal’s Integrity Statement. The principles of research integrity applied by JILI include:

• Upholding honesty, noble values, and academic integrity throughout the research and publication process.
• Ensuring that all research findings, data, and legal analyses are presented accurately, transparently, and responsibly.
• Supporting critical, progressive, and innovative legal research that contributes to the development of legal science.
• Encouraging scholarly work that serves the public interest, promotes legal awareness, and addresses contemporary legal issues.
• Promoting national and international academic cooperation to strengthen interdisciplinary and comparative legal scholarship.
• Ensuring transparency and open communication between authors, editors, and reviewers during submission, review, and publication stages.

2. Editorial and Peer Review Responsibilities

JILI is committed to maintaining editorial independence and ensuring a fair, transparent, and accountable editorial and peer review process. The following principles apply to editors and reviewers involved in the publication process:

Editorial Independence and Fair Play

• Editorial decisions are made solely on the basis of academic merit, intellectual quality, originality, and relevance to the journal’s scope.
• The editorial process is free from commercial, financial, institutional, or political influence.
• Editors evaluate manuscripts objectively and without discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, nationality, religion, disability, or other personal characteristics.
• JILI promotes diversity, equity, and inclusion at all stages of the editorial process and actively encourages submissions from scholars from diverse backgrounds.

Peer Review Process

• All submitted manuscripts are subject to a rigorous, fair, and confidential peer review process.
• The journal provides appropriate systems, guidance, and support to facilitate effective peer review.
• Editors and reviewers are expected to follow recognized best practices and ethical guidelines in peer review.
• Individuals overseeing the peer review process are expected to identify and address potential indicators of manipulated or fraudulent peer review.
• Suspected ethical concerns related to peer review may be reported to jili@ugm.ac.id.

Confidentiality and Conflicts of Interest

• Editors and reviewers must treat all submitted manuscripts and related materials as confidential documents.
• Information obtained through the editorial or peer review process must not be disclosed or used for personal or professional advantage.
• Editors and reviewers must disclose any potential conflicts of interest and recuse themselves from handling manuscripts where such conflicts exist.

3. Authorship, Affiliations, and Responsibility

JILI recognizes that norms of authorship may vary across disciplines and publication formats. To ensure accountability and transparency, the following principles apply to all submitted manuscripts:

Authorship Criteria

• Authorship is limited to individuals who have made substantial intellectual contributions to the work.
• Substantial contributions include one or more of the following:
• conception or design of the research;
• acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data;
• drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
• All listed authors must have approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to its submission for publication.
• Each author shares responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the work.

Corresponding Author Responsibilities

• Coordinating manuscript revisions, corrections, and proofreading throughout the editorial process.
• Managing the resubmission of revised manuscripts until final acceptance.
• Signing the Author Publishing Agreement on behalf of all co-authors, where applicable.
• Acting as the primary contact for communication with the journal after publication, including matters related to publication ethics, reuse of content, and data availability.

Contributorship and Acknowledgements

• Individuals who contributed to the research or manuscript but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged with their consent.
• Contributions such as research assistance, technical support, or language editing should be clearly described in the Acknowledgements section.

Author Affiliations and Institutional Responsibility

• All authors must accurately and transparently state their institutional affiliations at the time of submission.
• Affiliations should reflect the academic or professional environment in which the research was conducted or supported.
• Accurate affiliation information is essential for identifying institutional responsibility and potential conflicts of interest.
• Misrepresentation, fabrication, or improper claiming of institutional affiliations constitutes a breach of publication ethics and may result in editorial action, including rejection or withdrawal of the manuscript.
  

4. Originality, Plagiarism, and Redundant Publication

JILI is committed to publishing original scholarly work and maintaining the integrity of the academic record. The following principles apply to all submissions:

Originality of Submissions

• Manuscripts submitted to JILI must represent original scholarly work that has not been previously published in the same or substantially similar form.
• Authors are required to disclose any prior dissemination of content that is closely related to the submitted manuscript, including publications in other journals, edited volumes, conference proceedings, or public repositories.

Plagiarism

• Plagiarism is defined as the use of another person’s ideas, words, data, or other materials without proper acknowledgment.
• Plagiarism may occur in relation to all types of sources and media, including:
• textual materials and legal arguments;
• tables, figures, illustrations, and datasets;
• computer code, algorithms, or digital content;
• published and unpublished materials, including lectures, presentations, and grey literature.
• JILI does not tolerate plagiarism in any form. All submissions may be screened using appropriate plagiarism detection tools.
• Manuscripts containing suspected plagiarism, in whole or in part, will be rejected.
• If plagiarism is identified after publication, the Journal will take appropriate corrective action, including the issuance of corrections, expressions of concern, or retraction.

Duplicate and Redundant Publication

• Duplicate or redundant publication occurs when substantially similar content is submitted or published without adequate disclosure or justification.
• Authors must clearly distinguish the submitted manuscript from any earlier work and explain how it provides a meaningful and original contribution beyond prior publications.
• Undisclosed duplicate or redundant publication constitutes unethical publishing behavior and may result in rejection of the manuscript or withdrawal of the article after publication.

Text Recycling and Use of Prior Works

• JILI recognizes that authors may draw upon their own previously published work; however, such use must be limited, transparent, and appropriately referenced.
• Manuscripts should demonstrate substantial development in argument, structure, and analysis beyond earlier publications.
• Submissions derived from academic theses or dissertations are acceptable, provided that the manuscript has been significantly revised to meet the Journal’s scholarly standards.

5. Disclosure of Interests and Funding

To maintain editorial independence, transparency, and public trust in the scholarly record, JILI requires all participants in the publication process to disclose any interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing their judgment.

Disclosure of Interests

• Authors, editors, and reviewers must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, or personal relationships that may constitute a potential conflict of interest in relation to a submitted manuscript.
• Such interests may include, but are not limited to, employment, consultancies, honoraria, grants, affiliations, or other relationships relevant to the subject matter of the manuscript.
• Disclosure of a potential conflict of interest does not automatically affect the evaluation or publication decision; however, transparency is essential to ensure the integrity of the editorial process.

Disclosure of Funding

• Authors must provide a clear and complete statement of all sources of financial support that contributed to the research or publication of the manuscript.
• Funding information should include the name of the funding body and, where applicable, the grant number or funding reference.
• Authors should also disclose any non-financial support that may be relevant to the conduct or interpretation of the research.

Consequences of Non-Disclosure

• Failure to disclose relevant interests or funding information may result in editorial action, including requests for clarification, rejection of the manuscript, or withdrawal of the article after publication.
  

6. Publication Ethics on the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

JILI recognizes that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine-learning technologies may be used as supportive tools in academic research and writing. However, AI does not possess intellectual agency, moral judgment, or legal responsibility. The following principles govern the ethical use of AI in submissions to JILI:

A. General Position on AI

• AI tools may be used to support research and writing processes, such as language editing, translation, summarization, or data processing.
• AI systems cannot replace human authorship, scholarly reasoning, or ethical accountability.
• Responsibility for the content of the manuscript rests entirely with the human author(s).

 B. Authorship and Intellectual Responsibility

• Authorship is strictly limited to human contributors.
• AI systems, automated software, or algorithmic tools may not be listed as authors or co-authors under any circumstances.
• Authorship implies original intellectual contribution, critical judgment, and accountability for the entire manuscript, which AI systems cannot fulfill.

 C. Transparency in the Use of AI Tools

• Any use of AI tools during the research or writing process must be openly and clearly disclosed by the author(s).
• Disclosure should specify:
• the AI tool and version used;
• the purpose or function performed; and
• the extent of human oversight and control.
• Information regarding AI use should be included in the Acknowledgements or Methods section of the manuscript.
• Undisclosed use of AI tools constitutes a breach of publication ethics.

D. Accuracy, Verification, and Scholarly Control

• Authors remain fully responsible for ensuring the accuracy, originality, and reliability of all content, including AI-assisted material.
• AI outputs must be carefully reviewed to prevent fabricated data, false citations, or plagiarism.
• AI tools must not be used to access confidential, proprietary, or restricted information.

E. Ethical and Legal Boundaries

• The use of AI must comply with applicable ethical standards and legal frameworks.
• AI tools must not be used to:
• violate data protection or confidentiality obligations;
• process personal or sensitive data without lawful authorization;
• manipulate content in a misleading or deceptive manner; or
• fabricate or distort research findings.
• For legal research, AI-assisted work must comply with relevant laws, including Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection.

F. Integrity of Editorial and Peer Review Processes

• Editors and reviewers are not permitted to use AI tools to read, analyze, summarize, or evaluate submitted manuscripts, or to generate peer review reports.
• Peer review must rely on independent human judgment.
• Any exceptional use of AI by reviewers requires prior approval from the Editor-in-Chief.
• AI-detection software may be used by editors only as a supplementary tool and shall not replace substantive editorial assessment.

G. AI in Research Methodology and Data Governance

• Where AI or machine-learning models form part of the research design, authors must provide sufficient methodological detail to allow evaluation, transparency, and reproducibility.
• This includes information on model type, data sources, validation methods, and bias-mitigation strategies.
• Research involving legal documents, judicial decisions, or personal data must ensure anonymization, ethical clearance, and full legal compliance.

H. Misconduct and Sanctions

• Improper use of AI, including ghostwriting, undisclosed assistance, content fabrication, or citation manipulation, constitutes scientific misconduct.
• Such misconduct may result in editorial action, including rejection, correction, retraction, or other sanctions in accordance with journal policies.

I. Adaptive Governance

• JILI commits to ongoing monitoring of developments in AI and scholarly publishing.
• Editorial policies related to AI use will be reviewed and updated as necessary to ensure responsible, ethical, and transparent engagement with emerging technologies.