THE PROBLEM OF INDONESIAN ULEMA COUNCIL’S FATWA AND ITS IMPLICATION TO RELIGIOUS MINORITY GROUPS IN CONTEMPORARY INDONESIA
PERMASALAHAN FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KELOMPOK MINORITAS KEAGAMAAN DI INDONESIA KONTEMPORER
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Religious minority groups in Indonesia are often victims of human rights violations in expressing and carrying out religious activities, such as cases of prohibiting the establishment of places of worship, accusations of practicing deviant teachings or heresy, and accusations of blasphemy. In each of these cases, there is almost always the involvement of Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) as the organization that is considered the most representative of Muslims in Indonesia in answering religious issues. This paper is analyzing the problems of the MUI fatwa and its implication on religious minority groups in contemporary Indonesia and its aftermath. The conclusion of this paper stated that the existence of the MUI and its fatwas regarding religious apostasy and blasphemy is a form of paradox in the Indonesian state which is based on law, human rights, and democracy. The MUI and its fatwas appear to be above the law—even referred to by law enforcement officials in handling cases of blasphemy and prohibiting certain religious thought. Furthermore, its quasi-authoritative authority in making fatwas has been proven in various cases to have contributed to the violation of the right to freedom of religion and belief—as the legitimacy by certain parties to persecute religious minority groups. In such a situation, the Indonesian state must rely on the principle of the rule of law, its obligations to human rights, and its consistency with democracy.
Keywords: Indonesian Ulema Council, Fatwa, Religious Minority Groups, Human Rights, Democracy
INTISARI
Kaum minoritas beragama di Indonesia seringkali menjadi korban pelanggaran hak asasi manusia (HAM) dalam mengekspresikan dan menjalankan aktivitas keagamaan, seperti pada kasus pelarangan pendirian rumah ibadah, tuduhan menjalankan ajaran sesat atau terlarang, dan tuduhan penistaan. Dalam setiap kasus-kasus tersebut, hampir selalu terdapat keterlibatan dari Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) sebagai organisasi yang dianggap paling merepresentasikan Muslim di Indonesia dalam menjawap persoalan keagaaman. Artikel ini menganalisis persoalan fatwa MUI dan implikasinya pada kelompok minoritas beragama di Indonesia kontemporer dan akibat yang ditimbulkannya. Kesimpulan artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi MUI dan fatwanya berkaitan dengan penyimpangan dan penistaan agama merupakan suatu bentuk paradoks di negara Indonesia yang berdasarkan hukum, hak asasi manusia, dan demokrasi. MUI dan fatwanya tampil melampaui hukum—bahkan dirujuk oleh aparat penegak hukum dalam menangani kasus penistaan dan pelarangan terhadap ajaran keagamaan tertentu. Selain itu, kewenangan kuasi-otoritatif MUI dalam membuat fatwa telah terbukti dalam beberapa kasus berkontribusi pada pelanggaran terhadap hak atas kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan—sebagai legitimasi oleh pihak-pihak tertentu untuk mempersekusi kelompok minoritas beragama. Dalam situasi ini, negara Indonesia harus berpihak pada prinsip supremasi hukum, tanggung jawabnya terhadap hak asasi manusia, dan konsistensinya dengan demokrasi.
Kata Kunci: Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Fatwa, Kelompok Minoritas Beragama, Hak Asasi Manusia, Demokrasi
1. The manuscript that enter the Journal collection are owned and held by Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Issue (JILI).
2. The copyright of chosen manuscript will be turned into JILIs as the Journal manager.
3. Authors may use some datas or manuscript's parts that have been published by JILI with listing JILI as first publisher, but the author is not entitled to publish the entirety of the manuscript to the other publisher or journal.
Authors are expected to fill out and agree to copyright transfer agreements along with manuscript collection. Copyright transfer agreements can be accessed by "Clicking this link"